A model for stable isotopes of residual liquid water and ground ice in permafrost soils using arbitrary water chemistries and soil‐specific empirical residual water functions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We present the basic theory of stable isotopes (δ( 18 O) and δ(D)) of freezing water solutions in the environment set within a water isotope‐augmented version of FREZCHEM(V15). We validate this model with a couple of examples. The isotope‐capable FREZCHEM is simplified to run much faster using set‐piece initial chemistries to calculate the freezing temperature of the remaining water. The fast version is embedded in a semi‐empirical model for residual liquid water in sub‐zero soils. A uniform specific soil column is driven with a defined seasonal temperature wave. The co‐isotopes of the residual water and ice are calculated as a function of time and depth. The model is applied to clayey soils of the sort sampled in detail in a 10 (10 to 20 m) core suite from the Mackenzie Delta, Canada. The stable isotopes are compared to the model ones and the match is quite good except in the uppermost 2.5 m, where an upturn in the model δ( 18 O) curve is smaller. If the upper 2.5 m of icy soil is populated with “modern” water, and below by late glacial meltwater the size of the upturn in δ( 18 O) starting at 2.5 m is reproduced by the model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".