Secretome Analysis of Clavibacter nebraskensis Strains Treated with Natural Xylem Sap In Vitro Predicts Involvement of Glycosyl Hydrolases and Proteases in Bacterial Aggressiveness
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
(Cn) causes Goss's wilt and leaf blight on corn in the North American Central Plains with yield losses as high as 30%. Cn strains vary in aggressiveness on corn, with highly aggressive strains causing much more serious symptoms and damage to crops. Since Cn inhabits the host xylem, we investigated differences in the secreted proteomes of Cn strains to determine whether these could account for phenotypic differences in aggressiveness. Highly and a weakly aggressive Cn strains (Cn14-15-1 and DOAB232, respectively) were cultured, in vitro, in the xylem sap of corn (CXS; host) and tomato (TXS; non-host). The secretome of the Cn strains were extracted and processed, and a comparative bottom-up proteomics approach with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine their identities and concentration. Relative quantitation of peptides was based on precursor ion intensities to measure protein abundances. In total, 745 proteins were identified in xylem sap media. In CXS, a total of 658 and 396 proteins were identified in strains Cn14-5-1 and DOAB232, respectively. The unique and the differentially abundant proteins in the secretome of strain Cn14-5-1 were higher in either sap medium compared to DOAB232. These proteins were sorted using BLAST2GO and assigned to 12 cellular functional processes. Virulence factors, e.g., cellulase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, chitinase, β-1,4-xylanase, and proteases were generally higher in abundance in the aggressive Cn isolate. This was corroborated by enzymatic activity assays of cellulase and protease in CXS. These proteins were either not detected or detected at significantly lower abundance levels in Cn strains grown in non-host xylem sap (tomato), suggesting potential factors involved in Cn-host (corn) interactions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it