Valorising Canadian cranberry «V. macrocarpon» pomace using microwave heating: recovery and physicochemical characterization of pectin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Biomass consisting of cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) pomace was evaluated as a potentially viable source of a poly-anionic functional polysaccharide (pectin). Using microwave (MW) intensification, the extraction process was optimized to enhanced yield. A probable standard variant of the process was also simulated at laboratory scale by conventional heating extraction in a thermostatic water bath. The physicochemical properties of recovered cranberry pectin (CBP) polysaccharide were characterized using a variety of chemical/structural, hydrodynamic, and rheological techniques, including structural assessment by FT-IR spectroscopy, quantification of main sugar units, antioxidant activity by UV/Vis spectroscopy, visual appearance by colour measurement, intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight determinations by viscometry, as well as flow and viscoelastic behaviour by rheometry. Incorporating MW heating into the pectin extraction process resulted in: (a) at least 17% better recovery, (b) processing time by about 90%, (c) approximately 27% less solvent use; and (d) roughly 48% energy savings. The ᴅ-galacturonic acid (GalA) content of cranberry pectin obtained by both processes ranged from 43–52%, with extraction method significantly (p < 0.05) affecting GalA. The low methoxyl pectic polysaccharide had an intrinsic viscosity of 2.15 dl g-1 and viscosity-average molecular weight 39 kDa. Ostwald-de Waele's power-law model was sufficient to fit the flow data of 1.0–4.0 wt% CBP solutions, which all exhibit considerable shear-thinning behaviour. The 4.0 wt% solution was shown to display temperature-sensitive apparent viscosities. Employing Cox-Merz empirical rule revealed partial superimposability of steady shear and complex viscosity data for both 1.0 and 2.0 wt% CBP solutions, particularly at a mid (0.2-100 s-1 or rad s-1) shear rate/angular frequency range; 4.0 wt% showed no such correlation.Based on its demonstrated physicochemical properties, modes of potential functionalities of cranberry polysaccharide in food and related systems are submitted as viscosity enhancementand antioxidant dietary fibre, among others. This study, therefore, presents a potential opportunity for added income stream for cranberry juice processors from pomace.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".