Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanism of proteins that translocate or transfer lipids presents a special challenge. The bacterial ABC protein, MsbA, is a homodimeric “half‐transporter” of known structure, which is thought to act as an outwardly‐directed ATP‐driven flippase for lipid A and possibly some phospholipids. We have purified MsbA with high ATPase activity and established its binding affinity for putative substrates using fluorescence spectroscopic tools. Reconstituted MsbA displays a high level of flippase activity for certain phospholipids, providing an excellent opportunity to explore the mechanism of lipid translocation at the molecular level. Mutations in NPC1 cause Niemann‐Pick Type C disease, a fatal neurodegenerative condition characterized by accumulation of cholesterol and glycolipids in the late endosomes. NPC1 is a 190 kDa integral protein found in the late endosomal membrane. It is known to be a key player in intracellular cholesterol trafficking, but the nature of its substrates and its exact role remain enigmatic. Recent studies on purified NPC1 have shown that it binds several sterols, and the binding site has been localized to the N‐terminal luminal domain, which has been crystallized in sterol‐bound form. NPC1 may accept sterol from NPC2, a small soluble protein in the lumen of late endosomes, and transfer it to either the membrane, or an as yet unidentified cytoplasmic acceptor.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".