Decreased anti‐apoptotic ARC and XIAP as well as elevated pro‐apoptotic Smac and procaspase‐8 protein in soleus muscle of hypertensive rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Elevated skeletal muscle apoptosis plays a significant role in age‐ and disease‐related muscle wasting and dysfunction. Recently, we have demonstrated increased apoptosis in skeletal muscle of hypertensive rats. In this report we extend our previous findings by evaluating several pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic proteins involved in caspase‐mediated apoptotic signaling in skeletal muscle of normotensive Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Protein levels of apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC) and X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) were significantly lower by 59% (p<0.001) and 44% (p<0.05), respectively, in soleus muscle of SHR compared to WKY rats. In contrast, protein levels of the IAP inhibitor, second mitochondria‐derived activator of caspases (Smac), and pro‐apoptotic procaspase‐8 were elevated by 33% (p<0.005) and 32% (p<0.005), respectively, in hypertensive rats. Interestingly, western blot analysis revealed that ARC protein migrated at 30kDa in WKY and 32kDa in SHR soleus muscle; possibly suggesting a posttranslational modification in hypertensive rats. This data confirms our previous findings and suggests that alterations in proteins involved in caspase‐mediated signaling may be responsible for elevated apoptosis in skeletal muscle during hypertension. Research supported by the Heart & Stroke Foundation of Ontario and NSERC Canada.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".