N501Y mutation imparts cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to mice by enhancing receptor binding
Bibliographic record
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), as of March 8, 2021, the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had infected more than 116 million patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( https://covid19.who.int ). The high infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 is largely attributable to the unique sequence composition of its spike (S) glycoprotein. During the process of viral infection, this glycoprotein can be processed into two fragments. The N terminal S1 fragment is responsible for receptor binding, and the C terminal S2 fragment promotes membrane fusion. 1 SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus, and it has undergone frequent mutations, which have produced several variants over the past year. On top of this, the D614G mutation in the S glycoprotein has been shown to enhance viral infectivity. 2 , 3 However, the functional implications of most mutations are largely speculative and not clear.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".