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Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors
Niamh Mullins, Jooeun Kang, Adrián I. Campos, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Alexis C. Edwards, Hanga Galfalvy, Daniel F. Levey, Adriana Lori, Andrey A. Shabalin, Anna Starnawska, Mei-Hsin Su, Hunna J. Watson, Mark J. Adams, Michael J. Gandal, Jonathan D. Hafferty, Akitoyo Hishimoto, Minsoo Kim, Satoshi Okazaki, Ikuo Otsuka, Erin B. Ware, Andrew W. Bergen, Martin Bohus, Harry Brandt, Xiao Chang, Wei J. Chen, Hsi‐Chung Chen, Steven Crawford, Scott J. Crow, Emily DiBlasi, Philibert Duriez, Fernando Fernández‐Aranda, Manfred M. Fichter, Steven Gallinger, Stephen J. Glatt, Philip Gorwood, Yiran Guo, Hakon Hakonarson, Katherine A. Halmi, Hai‐Gwo Hwu, Sonia Jain, Stéphane Jamain, Craig Johnson, Allan S. Kaplan, Walter H. Kaye, Pamela K. Keel, Kelly L. Klump, Shih‐Cheng Liao, Klaus Lieb, Chih‐Min Liu, Christian R. Marshall, James E. Mitchell, Eric T. Monson, Dalila Pinto, Abigail Powers, Stefan Roepke, Vsevolod Rozanov, Stephen W. Scherer, Christian Schmahl, Marcus Sokolowski, Michael Strober, Laura M. Thornton, Janet Treasure, Ming T. Tsuang, Stephanie H. Witt, D. Blake Woodside, Zeynep Yılmaz, Rolf Adolfsson, Tracy Air, Martin Alda, Ole A. Andreassen, Adebayo Anjorin, Vivek Appadurai, María Soler Artigas, M.H. Azevedo, Nicholas Bass, Claiton H.D. Bau, Bernhard T. Baune, Frank Bellivier, Klaus Peter Berger, Joanna M. Biernacka, Tim B. Bigdeli, Michael Boehnke, Marco P. Boks, Rosa Bosch, David Braff, Richard A. Bryant, Monika Budde, Enda M. Byrne, Wiepke Cahn, Miguel Casas, Enrique Castelao, Jorge A. Cervilla, Boris Chaumette, Aiden Corvin, Nicholas Craddock, David W. Craig, Srdjan Djurovic, Howard J. Edenberg, Ayman H. Fanous, Jerome C. Foo, Andreas J. Forstner, Mark A. Frye, Justine M. Gatt, Pablo V. Gejman, Ina Giegling, Hans J. Grabe, Melissa J. Green, Eugênio H. Grevet, Maria Grigoroiu‐Serbânescu, Blanca Gutiérrez, José Guzmán‐Parra, Marian L. Hamshere, Annette M. Hartmann, Joanna Hauser, Stefanie Heilmann‐Heimbach, Marcus Ising, Ian Jones, Lisa Jones, Lina Jönsson, René S. Kahn, John R. Kelsoe, Stefan Kloiber, Karestan C. Koenen, Bettina Konte, Marie‐Odile Krebs, Mikael Landén, Marion Leboyer, Douglas F. Levinson, Susan L. McElroy, Patrick J. McGrath, Andrew McQuillin, Divya Mehta, Ingrid Melle, Yuri Milaneschi, Philip B. Mitchell, Esther Molina, Preben Bo Mortensen, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Vishwajit L. Nimgaonkar, Markus M. Nöthen, Michael O‘Donovan, Roel A. Ophoff, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, Jonathan Pimm, Giorgio Pistis, Robert A. Power, Martin Preisig, Digby Quested, Josep Antoni Ramos‐Quiroga, Andreas Reif, Marta Ribasés, Vanesa Richarte, Andrea L. Roberts, Gloria Roberts, Guy A. Rouleau, Diego Luiz Rovaris, Alan R. Sanders, Peter R. Schofield, Thomas G. Schulze, Laura J. Scott, Alessandro Serretti, Jianxin Shi, Stanley I. Shyn, Pamela Sklar, Edmund Sonuga‐Barke, Gianfranco Spalletta, John S. Strauss, Beata Świątkowska, Maciej Trzaskowski, Gustavo Turecki, Laura Vilar‐Ribó, Henry Völzke, James Walters, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Thomas W. Weickert, Myrna M. Weissman, Leanne M. Williams, Clement C. Zai, Allison E. Ashley‐Koch, Jean C. Beckham, Elizabeth R. Hauser, Michael A. Hauser, Nathan A. Kimbrel, Jennifer H. Lindquist, Benjamin H. McMahon, David W. Oslin, Xuejun Qin, Stephan Ripke, Manuel Mattheisen, Abdel Abdellaoui, Till F. M. Andlauer, Silviu‐Alin Bacanu, Marie Bækvad‐Hansen, Aartjan T.F. Beekman, Henriette N. Buttenschøn, Jonas Bybjerg‐Grauholm, Na Cai, Jane Christensen, Toni‐Kim Clarke, Lucía Colodro‐Conde, Baptiste Couvy‐Duchesne, Nick Craddock, Gregory E. Crawford, Gail Davies, Franziska Degenhardt, Eske M. Derks, Neşe Direk, Conor V. Dolan, Erin C. Dunn, Thalia C. Eley, Valentina Escott‐Price, Farnush Farhadi Hassan Kiadeh, Hilary K. Finucane, Josef Frank, Héléna A. Gaspar, Michael Gill, Fernando S. Goes, Scott D. Gordon, Shantel Weinsheimer, Jürgen Wellmann, Gonneke Willemsen, Yang Wu, Hualin Simon Xi, Jian Yang, Futao Zhang, Volker Arolt, Dorret I. Boomsma, Sven Cichon, Udo Dannlowski, Eco J. C. de Geus, J. Raymond DePaulo, Enrico Domenici, Katharina Domschke, Jakob Grove, Lynsey S. Hall, Thomas Folkmann Hansen, Stefan Herms, Ian B. Hickie, Per Hoffmann, Georg Homuth, Carsten Horn, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, David M. Hougaard, David M. Howard, Rick Jansen, Eric Jorgenson, Isaac S. Kohane, Julia Kraft, Warren W. Kretzschmar, Zoltán Kutalik, Yihan Li, Penelope A. Lind, Donald J. MacIntyre, Dean F. MacKinnon, Robert Maier, Wolfgang Maier, Jonathan Marchini, Hamdi Mbarek, Sarah E. Medland, Christel M. Middeldorp, Evelin Mihailov, Francis M. Mondimore, Sara Mostafavi, Matthias Nauck, Bernard Ng, Michel G. Nivard, Dale R. Nyholt, Paul F. O’Reilly, Högni Óskarsson, Caroline Hayward, Andrew C. Heath, Glyn Lewis, Qingqin S. Li, Pamela A. F. Madden, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Nicholas G. Martin, Andrew M. McIntosh, Andres Metspalu, Ole Mors, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Merete Nordentoft, Sara A. Paciga, Nancy L. Pedersen, Jodie N. Painter, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Roseann E. Peterson, Wouter J. Peyrot, Daniëlle Posthuma, Jorge A. Quiroz, Per Qvist, John P. Rice, Brien P. Riley, Saira Saeed Mirza, Robert A. Schoevers, Eva C. Schulte, Ling Shen, Engilbert Sigurðsson, Grant Sinnamon, Johannes H. Smit, Hreinn Stefánsson, Stacy Steinberg, Jana Strohmaier, Katherine E. Tansey, Henning Teismann, Alexander Teumer, Wesley K. Thompson, Pippa A. Thomson, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Matthew Traylor, Jens Treutlein, Vassily Trubetskoy, André G. Uitterlinden, Daniel Umbricht, Albert M. van Hemert, Alexander Viktorin, Peter M. Visscher, Yunpeng Wang, Bradley T. Webb, David J. Porteous, Marcella Rietschel, Catherine Schaefer, Kari Stefansson, Henning Tiemeier, Rudolf Uher, Thomas Werge, Cathryn M. Lewis, Anders D. Børglum, Kevin S. O’Connell, Brandon J. Coombes, Zhen Qiao, Thomas D. Als, Sigrid Børte, Julien Bryois, Alexander W. Charney, Ole Kristian Drange, Saskia P. Hagenaars, Masashi Ikeda, Nolan Kamitaki, Kristi Krebs, Georgia Panagiotaropoulou, Brian M. Schilder, Laura Sloofman, Bendik S. Winsvold, Hong‐Hee Won, Liliya Abramova, Kristina Adorjan, Esben Agerbo, Mariam Al Eissa, Diego Albani, Ney Alliey‐Rodriguez, Verneri Antilla, Anastasia Antoniou, Swapnil Awasthi, Ji Hyun Baek, Michael Bauer, Eva C. Beins, Sarah E. Bergen, Armin Birner, Erlend Bøen, Murielle Brum, Ben Brumpton, Nathalie Brunkhorst-Kanaan, William Byerley, Murray J. Cairns, Pablo Cervantes, Cristiana Cruceanu, Alfredo B. Cuéllar‐Barboza, Julie M. Cunningham, David Curtis, Piotr M. Czerski, Anders M. Dale, Nina Dalkner, Friederike S. David, Amanda Dobbyn, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, I. Nicol Ferrier, Alessia Fiorentino, Tatiana Foroud, Liz Forty, Oleksandr Frei, Nelson B. Freimer, Louise Frisén, Katrin Gade, Julie Garnham, Joel Gelernter, Ian R. Gizer, Daniel J. Smıth, Tiffany A. Greenwood, Kyooseob Ha, Magnús Haraldsson, Martin Hautzinger, Urs Heilbronner, Dennis Hellgren, Peter Holmans, Laura M. Huckins, Jessica Johnson, János Kálmán, Sarah Kittel‐Schneider, Maria Koromina, Thorsten M. Kranz, Henry R. Kranzler, Michiaki Kubo, Ralph Kupka, Steven A. Kushner, Catharina Lavebratt, Markus Leber, Heon‐Jeong Lee, Shawn Levy, Martin Lundberg, Sigurður H. Magnússon, Adam X. Maihofer, Dolores Malaspina, Eirini Maratou, Lina Martinsson, Nathaniel W. McGregor, James McKay, Helena Medeiros, Vincent Millischer, Jennifer L. Moran, Derek W. Morris, Thomas W. Mühleisen, Niamh L. O’Brien, Claire O’Donovan, Loes M. Olde Loohuis, Lilijana Oruč, Sergi Papiol, Antonio F. Pardiñas, Amy Perry, Andrea Pfennig, Evgenia Porichi, James B. Potash, Towfique Raj, Mark Hyman Rapaport, Eline J. Regeer, Fabio Rivas, Julian Roth, Panos Roussos, Fanny Senner, Sally I. Sharp, Paul D. Shilling, Claire Slaney, Janet L. Sobell, Anne T. Spijker, Dan J. Stein, Chikashi Terao, Claudio Toma, Paul A. Tooney, Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini, Marquis P. Vawter, Helmut Vedder, Simon Xi, Wei Xu, Jessica Yang, Allan H. Young, Hannah Young, Peter P. Zandi, Hang Zhou, Gulja Babadjanova, Lena Backlund, Susanne Bengesser, Wade H. Berrettini, Douglas Blackwood, Vaughan J. Carr, Stanley V. Catts, Dimitris Dikeos, Bruno Étain, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Micha Gawlik, Elliot S. Gershon, Frans A. Henskens, Jan Hillert, Kyung Sue Hong, Christina M. Hultman, Kristian Hveem, Nakao Iwata, Assen Jablensky, George Kirov, Christine Löchner, Carmel M. Loughland, Carol A. Mathews, Francis J. McMahon, Patricia T. Michie, Bryan Mowry, Benjamin M. Neale, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Ketil J. Øedegaard, Tomas Olsson, Christos Pantelis, George P. Patrinos, Eva Z. Reininghaus, Takeo Saito, Ulrich Schall, Martin Schalling, Rodney J. Scott, Eystein Stordal, Fabian Streit, Eduard Vieta, Irwin D. Waldman, John‐Anker Zwart, John I. Nürnberger, Eli A. Stahl, Arianna Di Florio, Roger A.H. Adan, Lars Alfredsson, Tetsuya Ando, H.N. Aschauer, Jessica H. Baker, Vladimír Bencko, Andreas Birgegård, Joseph M. Boden, Ilka Boehm, Claudette Boni, Vesna Boraska Perica, Katharina Buehren, Cynthia M. Bulik, Roland Burghardt, Laura Carlberg, Matteo Cassina, Maurizio Clementi, Roger D. Cone, Philippe Courtet, James J. Crowley, Unna N. Danner, Oliver S. P. Davis, Martina de Zwaan, George Dedoussis, Daniela Degortes, Janiece E. DeSocio, Danielle M. Dick, Christian Dina, Monika Dmitrzak‐Węglarz, Elisa Docampo Martínez, Laramie E. Duncan, Karin Egberts, Morten Mattingsdal, Sara McDevitt, Ingrid Meulenbelt, Nadia Micali, John C. Mitchell, Karen S. Mitchell, Palmiero Monteleone, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Grant W. Montgomery, Melissa A. Munn‐Chernoff, Benedetta Nacmias, Marie Navratilova, Ιωάννα Ντάλλα, Catherine M. Olsen, Julie K. O’Toole, Leonid Padyukov, Aarno Palotie, Jacques Pantel, Hana Papežová, Richard Parker, John F. Pearson, Stefan Ehrlich, Geòrgia Escaramís, Tõnu Esko, Thomas Espeseth, Xavier Estivill, Anne Farmer, Angela Favaro, Krista Fischer, James Floyd, Manuel Föcker, Lenka Foretová, Monica Forzan, Christopher S. Franklin, Giovanni Gambaro, Johanna Giuranna, Paola Giusti-Rodríquez, Fragiskos Gonidakis, Monica Gratacos Mayora, Sébastien Guillaume, Ken B. Hanscombe, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Johannes Hebebrand, Sietske G. Helder, Anjali K. Henders, Beate Herpertz‐Dahlmann, Wolfgang Herzog, Anke Hinney, L. John Horwood, Christopher Hübel, Liselotte Petersen, Kirstin L. Purves, Anu Raevuori, Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud, Valdo Ricca, Samuli Ripatti, Franziska Ritschel, Marion Roberts, Filip Rybakowski, Paolo Santonastaso, André Scherag, Ulrike Schmidt, Nicholas J. Schork, Alexandra Schosser, Jochen Seitz, Lenka Šlachtová, P. Eline Slagboom, M Landt, Agnieszka Słopień, Nicole Soranzo, Sandro Sorbi, Lorraine Southam, Vidar W. Steen, James I. Hudson, Hartmut Imgart, Hidetoshi Inoko, Vladimír Janout, Jennifer Jordan, Antonio Julià, Gursharan Kalsi, Deborah Kaminská, Jaakko Kaprio, Leila Karhunen, Andreas Karwautz, Martien J. Kas, James L. Kennedy, Martin A. Kennedy, Anna Keski‐Rahkonen, Kirsty Kiezebrink, Youl‐Ri Kim, Katherine M. Kirk, Lars Klareskog, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Janne Tidselbak Larsen, Stéphanie Le Hellard, Virpi Leppä, Paul Lichtenstein, Bochao Lin, Jolanta Lissowska, Astri J. Lundervold, Jurjen J. Luykx, Mario Maj, Katrin Männik, Sara Marsal, Garret D. Stuber, Patrick F. Sullivan, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Ioanna Tachmazidou, Elena Tenconi, Alfonso Tortorella, Federica Tozzi, Άρτεμις Τσίτσικα, Marta Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Annemarie Elburg, Eric F. van Furth, Tracey Wade, Gudrun Wagner, Esther Walton, David C. Whiteman, H.‐Erich Wichmann, Elisabeth Widén, Shuyang Yao, Eleftheria Zeggini, Stephanie Zerwas, Stephan Zipfel, Martin Jungkunz, Lydie Dietl, Cornelia E. Schwarze, Norbert Dahmen, Björn H. Schott, Arian Mobascher, Dan Rujescu, Silvia Crivelli, Michelle F. Dennis, P.D. Harvey, Bruce W. Carter, Jennifer E. Huffman, Daniel Jacobson, Ravi Madduri, John Pestian, J. Michael Gaziano, Sumitra Muralidhar, Rachel Ramoni, Jean C. Beckham, Kyong‐Mi Chang, James L. Breeling, Grant D. Huang, Jonathan Romero, Jennifer Moser, Stacey B. Whitbourne, Jessica V. Brewer, Mihaela Aslan, Todd Connor, Dean P. Argyres, Philip S. Tsao, Brady Stephens, Mary T. Brophy, Donald E. Humphries, Luis E. Selva, Nhan Do, Shahpoor Shayan, Kelly Cho, Christopher J. O’Donnell, Yan V. Sun, Hongyu Zhao, Peter W.F. Wilson, Rachel McArdle, Louis J. Dell’Italia, Kristin Mattocks, John B. Harley, Clement J. Zablocki, Jeff Whittle, Frank J. Jacono, Salvador Gutierrez, Gretchen Gibson, Kimberly Hammer, Laurence S. Kaminsky, Gerardo Villareal, Scott Kinlay, Junzhe Xu, Mark B. Hamner, Roy O. Mathew, Sujata Bhushan, Pran Iruvanti, Michael Godschalk, Zuhair K. Ballas, Douglas Ivins, Stephen Mastorides, Jonathan P. Moorman, Saib Gappy, Jon Klein, Nora Ratcliffe, Hermes Flórez, Olaoluwa Okusaga, Maureen Murdoch, Peruvemba Sriram, Shing Shing Yeh, Neeraj Tandon, Darshana Jhala, Samuel M. Aguayo, David Cohen, Satish Sharma, Suthat Liangpunsakul, Kris Ann Oursler, Mary A. Whooley, Sunil K. Ahuja, Joseph Constans, Paul Meyer, Jennifer Greco, Michael Rauchman, Richard J. Servatius, Melinda Gaddy, Agnes Wallbom, Timothy R. Morgan, Todd Stapley, Scott E. Sherman, George Ross, Patrick Strollo, Edward J. Boyko, Laurence Meyer, Samir Gupta, Mostaqul Huq, Joseph Fayad, Adriana M. Hung, Jack Lichy, Robin A. Hurley, R. Brooks Robey, Rob Striker, Annette Erlangsen, Ronald C. Kessler, David J. Porteous, Robert J. Ursano, Danuta Wasserman, Hilary Coon, Ditte Demontis, Anna R. Docherty, Po‐Hsiu Kuo, J. John Mann, Miguel E. Rentería, Murray B. Stein, Virginia L. Willour
Bibliographic record
VenueBiological Psychiatry · 2021
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicSuicide and Self-Harm Studies
Canadian institutionsMcGill UniversityMontreal Neurological Institute and HospitalUniversity of TorontoUniversity Health NetworkDalhousie UniversityHospital for Sick ChildrenCentre for Addiction and Mental Health
FundersCilagNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismStatens Serum InstitutInstituto de Salud Carlos IIINIHR Maudsley Biomedical Research CentreInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College LondonCampbell Family Mental Health Research InstituteVeterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare SystemUniversité de ParisNeuraxpharmCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y NutriciónMedical Research CouncilServierUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaDiakonhjemmetH. Lundbeck A/SHospital for Sick ChildrenDivision of Materials ResearchCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversitat de BarcelonaUniversité Paris DiderotUniversitetet i OsloSchool of MedicineUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulUmeå UniversitetNational Center for Advancing Translational SciencesKaiser PermanenteSaint Petersburg State UniversityCentre Hospitalier Universitaire VaudoisCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityDalhousie UniversityVA Pittsburgh Healthcare SystemState University of New YorkQueensland University of TechnologyInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleGentofte HospitalNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchFresenius Medical Care North AmericaU.S. Department of Veterans AffairsGW PharmaceuticalsNIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer ResearchACADIA PharmaceuticalsEmory UniversityJazz PharmaceuticalsWellcome TrustSunovionIndiviorAarhus UniversitetNational Institute of Mental HealthHospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegreUniversité de LausanneLundbeckfondenEli Lilly and CompanyKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyVanderbilt UniversityKarolinska InstitutetNational Institute of General Medical SciencesNational Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and DepressionFlorida State UniversityAmerican Society of Clinical PsychopharmacologyMichigan State UniversityState University of New York Upstate Medical UniversityPfizerBrain and Behavior Research FoundationNational Institutes of HealthSyracuse UniversityUniversidade de CoimbraUniversity of Toronto
KeywordsGenetic architecturePsychiatryPsychologyMedicineEnvironmental health
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. METHODS: We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. RESULTS: Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.004
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.009
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.030
GPT teacher head0.298
Teacher spread0.268 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations247
Published2021
Admission routes2
Has abstractno