Reduced material quality requirements for electronically coupled upconverters compared to intermediate band solar cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intermediate band (IB) materials allow the development of high efficiency solar cells by absorption of subgap photons. Standard IB devices have n-IB-p structures, which ensure that carriers are not directly extracted from the IB itself, but this geometry requires that holes from the front of the device must transit the IB region before being collected. This requirement forces IB materials to have relatively long carrier lifetimes before they can improve the efficiency of solar cells. The electronically coupled upconverter (ECUC) geometry puts the IB material at the back of the device. While more complicated 2D contact patterns are required to extract current directly from the standard semiconductor, carriers produced in the standard semiconductor do not need to traverse the IB region, allowing the ECUC to produce high efficiency with lower quality IB materials, as exist today. We study the potential efficiency of ECUC devices using the semianalytical modified Strandberg model, which describes the current-voltage performance of IB devices, including nonradiative recombination and the associated finite carrier collection. We find that even with moderate-to-low IB material quality, the ECUC geometry allows higher efficiency than the standard IB solar cell geometry. The ECUC is a promising architecture for near-term progress in IB devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".