A simple fluorescent assay for the detection of <scp>p</scp>eptide nucleic acid<scp>‐directed</scp> double strand duplex invasion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a mimic of nucleic acids that is able to bind complementary oligonucleotides with high affinity and excellent selectivity. As such, the use of PNA has been proposed in numerous applications in biochemistry, medicine, and biotechnology. Sequences of pseudo‐complementary PNAs containing diaminopurine (D)‐2‐thiouracil (SU) base pairs bind to complementary regions within double‐stranded DNA targets. This type of binding is termed “double duplex invasion” and involves unwinding of the duplex accompanied by simultaneous hybridization of both DNA strands by the two pseudo‐complementary PNAs. In this study, a simple method of assaying DNA strand invasion by pseudo‐complementary PNAs was developed. This method is based on the incorporation of a single fluorescent cytidine analog, phenylpyrrolocytidine (PhpC), into the double‐stranded DNA target such that upon invasion by PNA, the PhpC is displaced to a single‐stranded region resulting in the turn‐on of fluorescence emission. This fluorescent assay is applicable to studies both at equilibrium and approach‐to‐equilibrium (time‐dependent) conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".