Associations between Listeria monocytogenes genomic characteristics and adhesion to polystyrene at 8 °C
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes remains a threat to the food system and has led to numerous foodborne outbreaks worldwide. L. monocytogenes can establish itself in food production facilities by adhering to surfaces, resulting in increased resistance to environmental stressors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adhesion ability of L. monocytogenes at 8 °C and to analyse associations between the observed phenotypes and genetic factors such as internalin A (inlA) genotypes, stress survival islet 1 (SSI-1) genotype, and clonal complex (CC). L. monocytogenes isolates (n = 184) were grown at 8 °C and 100% relative humidity for 15 days. The growth was measured by optical density at 600 nm every 24 h. Adherent cells were stained using crystal violet and quantified spectrophotometrically. Genotyping of inlA and SSI-1, multi-locus sequence typing, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) were performed to elucidate the phenotype-genotype relationships in L. monocytogenes cold adhesion. Among all inlA genotypes, truncated inlA isolates had the highest mean adhered cells, ABS595nm = 0.30 ± 0.15 (Tukey HSD; P < 0.05), while three-codon deletion inlA isolates had the least mean adhered cells (Tukey HSD; P < 0.05). When SSI-1 was present, more cells adhered; less cells adhered when SSI-1 was absent (Welch's t-test; P < 0.05). Adhesion was associated with clonal complexes which have low clinical frequency, while reduced adhesion was associated with clonal complexes which have high frequency. The results of this study support that premature stop codons in the virulence gene inlA are associated with increased cold adhesion and that an invasion enhancing deletion in inlA is associated with decreased cold adhesion. This study also provides evidence to suggest that there is an evolutionary trade off between virulence and adhesion in L. monocytogenes. These results provide a greater understanding of L. monocytogenes adhesion which will aid in the development of strategies to reduce L. monocytogenes in the food system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".