Transposable Elements: Distribution, Polymorphism, and Climate Adaptation in Populus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) are a class of mobile genetic elements that make effects on shaping rapid phenotypic traits of adaptive significance. TE insertions are usually related to transcription changes of nearby genes, and thus may be subjected to purifying selection. Based on the available genome resources of Populus, we found that the composition of Helitron DNA family were highly variable and could directly influence the transcription of nearby gene expression, which are involving in stress-responsive, programmed cell death, and apoptosis pathway. Next, we indicated TEs are highly enriched in Populus trichocarpa compared with three other congeneric poplar species, especially located at untranslated regions (3′UTRs and 5′UTRs) and Helitron transposons, particularly 24-nt siRNA-targeted, are significantly associated with reduced gene expression. Additionally, we scanned a representative resequenced Populus tomentosa population, and identified 9,680 polymorphic TEs loci. More importantly, we identified a Helitron transposon located at the 3′UTR, which could reduce WRKY18 expression level. Our results highlight the importance of TE insertion events, which could regulate gene expression and drive adaptive phenotypic variation in Populus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".