An Epidemic Zika Virus Isolate Drives Enhanced T Follicular Helper Cell and B Cell–Mediated Immunity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that recently caused a series of increasingly severe outbreaks. We previously demonstrated that, compared with a pre-epidemic isolate (ZIKVCDN), a Brazilian ZIKV isolate (ZIKVBR) possesses a novel capacity to suppress host immunity, resulting in delayed viral clearance. However, whether ZIKVBR modulates CD4 T cell responses remains unknown. In this study, we show that, in comparison with ZIKVCDN infection, CD4 T cells are less polarized to the Th1 subtype following ZIKVBR challenge in mice. In contrast, we observed an enhanced accumulation of T follicular helper cells 10, 14, and 21 d postinfection with ZIKVBR. This response correlated with an enhanced germinal center B cell response and robust production of higher avidity-neutralizing Abs following ZIKVBR infection. Taken together, our data suggest that contemporary ZIKV strains have evolved to differentially induce CD4 T cell, B cell, and Ab responses and this could provide a model to further define the signals required for T follicular helper cell development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".