Assessment of androgenic response potential of effluents using in vitro and in vivo methods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The androgenic potential of a New Zealand pulp mill effluent (PME) and a Canadian PME was assessed along with a New Zealand sewage treatment plant effluent (STP) using a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods. The in vitro methods included: (1) a fish-based androgen receptor binding assay, (2) a fish-based aromatase inhibition activity assay, and (3) an analysis of gonadal sex steroid levels in exposed female mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) ovaries by radioimmunoassay. The in vivo method included a quantifiable analysis of anal fin ray length for female mosquitofish exposed to the effluents. Effluent extracts for the Canadian PME and New Zealand STP were found to have low in vitro androgenic potential compared to upstream reference extracts. All effluent extracts (Canadian PME, New Zealand PME and STP) showed a low degree of in vitro aromatase inhibition potential compared to upstream reference extracts. In vivo analysis showed no androgenic potential of the New Zealand PME and STP. The in vitro androgen receptor assay and in vivo mosquitofish bioassay did show androgenic responses for androstenedione (AD) and 1,4-androsta-diene-3,17-dione (ADD), which are two products of the microbial conversion of β-sitosterol (a plant sterol commonly found in PME) by Mycobacterium smegmatis . Also, the potential of the mosquitofish bioassay to determine anti-androgenic effects in effluents was demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".