Peer Review #1 of "Barefoot running does not affect simple reaction time: an exploratory study (v0.1)"
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background.Converging evidence comparing barefoot (BF) and shod (SH) running highlights differences in foot-strike patterns and somatosensory feedback, among others.Anecdotal evidence from SH runners attempting BF running suggests a greater attentional demand may be experienced during BF running.However, little work to date has examined whether there is an attentional cost of BF versus SH running.Objective.This exploratory study aimed to examine whether an acute bout of BF running would impact simple reaction time (SRT) compared to SH running, in a sample of runners naïve to BF running. Methods.Eight male distance runners completed SRT testing during 10 minutes of BF or SH treadmill running at 70% maximal aerobic speed (17.9 ± 1.4 km h -1 ).To test SRT, participants were required to press a hand-held button in response to the flash of a light bulb placed in the center of their visual field.SRT was tested at 1-minute intervals during running.BF and SH conditions were completed in a pseudorandomized and counterbalanced crossover fashion.SRT was defined as the time elapsed between the light bulb flash and the button press.SRT errors were also recorded and were defined as the number of trials in which a button press was not recorded in response to the light bulb flash. Results.Overall, SRT later in the exercise bouts showed a statistically significant increase compared to earlier (p < 0.05).Statistically significant increases in SRT were present at 7 minutes versus 5 minutes (0.29 ± 0.02 s vs. 0.27 ± 0.02 s, p < 0.05) and at 9 minutes versus 2 minutes (0.29 ± 0.03 s vs. 0.27 ± 0.03 s, p < 0.05).However, BF running did not influence this increase in SRT (p > 0.05) or the number of SRT errors (17.6 ± 6.6 trials vs. 17.0 ± 13.0 trials, p > 0.05).Discussion.In a sample of distance runners naïve to BF running, there was no statistically significant difference in SRT or SRT errors during acute bouts of BF and SH running.We interpret these results to mean that BF running does not have a greater attentional cost compared to SH running during a SRT task throughout treadmill running.Literature suggests that stride-to-stride gait modulation during running may occur predominately via mechanisms that preclude conscious perception, thus potentially attenuating effects of increased somatosensory feedback experienced during BF running.Future research should explore the present experimental paradigm in a larger sample using over-ground running trials, as well as employing different tests of attention.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.025 | 0.285 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.199 | 0.066 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".