One‐step purification and regulation of fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase from the liver of the freeze‐tolerant wood frog, <i>Rana sylvatica</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) undergoes numerous changes to its physiology and metabolic processes to survive the winter months, including adaptations that let them endure whole-body freezing. The regulation of key enzymes of central carbohydrate metabolism in the liver plays a crucial role in mediating the synthesis and maintenance of high concentrations of glucose as a cryoprotectant during freezing as well as glucose reconversion to glycogen after thawing. The present study characterized the regulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase; EC 3.1.3.11) from wood frog liver during freezing, FBPase being a crucial enzyme regulating gluconeogenesis. Liver FBPase was purified to homogeneity from control and frozen wood frogs by a one-step chromatographic process. Kinetic and regulatory parameters of the enzyme were investigated and demonstrated a significant decrease in sensitivity to its substrate fructose-1,6-bisphosphate in the liver of frozen frogs, as compared with controls. Immunoblotting also revealed freeze-responsive changes in posttranslational modifications with a significant decrease in serine phosphorylation (by 53%) for FBPase from frozen frogs. Taken together, these results suggest that FBPase is suppressed, and gluconeogenesis is inhibited during freezing. This response acts as an important component of the metabolic survival strategy of the wood frog.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".