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In COVID-19 Health Messaging, Loss Framing Increases Anxiety with Little-to-No Concomitant Benefits: Experimental Evidence from 84 Countries
Charles Dorison, Jennifer S. Lerner, Blake Heller, Alexander J. Rothman, Ichiro Kawachi, Ke Wang, Vaughan W. Rees, Brian Gill, Nancy Gibbs, Charles R. Ebersole, Zahir Vally, Zuzanna Tajchman, András N. Zsidó, Mija Zrimsek, Zhang Chen, Ignazio Ziano, Zoi Gialitaki, Chris D. Ceary, Yijun Lin, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Yuki Yamada, Qinyu Xiao, Xiaoming Jiang, Xinkai Du, Elvin Yao, John Paul Wilson, Wilson Cyrus-Lai, William Jiménez‐Leal, Wilbert Law, W. Matthew Collins, Karley Richard, Marek Vranka, Vladislav Ankushev, Vidar Schei, Valerija Križanić, Veselina Kadreva, Vera Ćubela Adorić, Ulrich S. Tran, Siu Kit Yeung, Widad Hassan, Ralph Houston, Tiago Jessé Souza de Lima, Thomas Ostermann, Thomas Frizzo, Therese E. Sverdrup, Thea House, Tripat Gill, Maksim Fedotov, Tamar Paltrow, Teodor Jernsäther, Maria Koptjevskaja‐Tamm, Tom Hostler, Tatsunori Ishii, Barnabás Szászi, Sylwia Adamus, Lilian Suter, Sumaiya Habib, Anna Studzińska, Dragana Stojanovska, Steve M. J. Janssen, Stefan Stieger, Stefan E. Schulenberg, Srinivasan Tatachari, Soufian Azouaghe, Piotr Sorokowski, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Xin Song, Savannah C Lewis, Sladjana Sinkolova, Dmitry Grigoryev, Shira Meir Drexler, Shimrit Daches, Shawn N. Geniole, Selena Vračar, Sébastien Massoni, Saša Zorjan, Eylül Sarıoğuz, Sara Morales-Izquierdo, Sara G. Alves, Sara Johanna Pöntinen, Sara Álvarez Solas, Santiago Ordóñez-Riaño, Sanja Batić Očovaj, Sandersan Onie, Samuel Lins, Sami Çoksan, Aslı Saçaklı, Susana Ruiz Fernández, Sandra J. Geiger, Saeideh FatahModares, Radosław B. Walczak, Ruben Betlehem, Roosevelt Vilar, Rodrigo A. Cárcamo, Robert M. Ross, Randy J. McCarthy, Tonia Ballantyne, Erin Corwin Westgate, Reza Afhami, Dongning Ren, Renan Pereira Monteiro, Ulf‐Dietrich Reips, Niv Reggev, Robert Calin‐Jageman, Razieh Pourafshari, Raquel Oliveira, Mina Nedelcheva-Datsova, Rima-Maria Rahal, Rafael Ramos Ribeiro, Theda Radtke, Rachel A. Searston, Redeate Habte, Przemysław Zdybek, Sau-Chin Chen, Princess Lovella Gonzales Maturan, Jennifer T. Perillo, Peder Mortvedt Isager, Pavol Kačmár, Paulo Manuel Macapagal, Paulina Szwed, Paul H. P. Hanel, Paul Forbes, Patrícia Arriaga, Bastien Paris, Konstantinos Papachristopoulos, Pablo Correa, Ondřej Kácha, Márcia Bernardo, Olatz Campos, Olalla Niño Bravo, Oscar J. Galindo-Caballero, Chisom Ogbonnaya, Olga Białobrzeska, Natalia Kiselnikova, Nicolle Simonovic, Noga Cohen, Nora L. Nock, Niklas Johannes, Nihan Albayrak‐Aydemir, Nicolas Say, Nathan Torunsky, Natalia Van Doren, Naoyuki Sunami, Nikolay R. Rachev, Nadyanna M. Majeed, Nadya-Daniela Schmidt, Khaoula Nadif, Nadia Saraí Corral-Frías, Nihal Ouherrou, Myrto Pantazi, Marc Yancy Lucas, Martin R. Vasilev, María Victoria Ortiz, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, Muhib Kabir, Rafał Muda, María del Carmen MC Tejada Rivera, Miroslav Sirota, Martin Seehuus, Michał Parzuchowski, Mónica Toro, Monika Hricová, Mónica Alarcón Maldonado, Magdalena Marszałek, Maria Karekla, Giovanna Mioni, Minke Jasmijn Bosma, Minja Westerlund, Milica Vdović, Michał Białek, Miguel Alejandro A. Silan, Michele Anne, Michał Misiak, Maurice Grinberg, Mariagrazia Capizzi, Mauricio F. Espinoza Barría, Merve A. Kurfali, Michael C. Mensink, Mikayel Harutyunyan, Meetu Khosla, Max Korbmacher, Matúš Adamkovič, Matheus Fernando Félix Ribeiro, Maria Terskova, Matej Hruška, Marcel Martončik, Martin Čadek, Martha Frías Armenta, Marta Kowal, Marta Topor, Marta Roczniewska, Marlies Oosterlinck, Markéta Braun Kohlová, Mariola Paruzel‐Czachura, Marina Romanova, Μαριέττα Παπαδάτου-Παστού, Maria Louise Lund, Maria Antoniadi, Marc V. Jones, Manuel S. Ortíz, Mathi Manavalan, Abdumalik Muminov, Małgorzata Kossowska, Maja Friedemann, Magdalena Wielgus, Marco Antônio Corrêa Varella, Melissa F. Colloff, Maria Bradford, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Luis Eudave, Luc Vieira, Lina Maria Sanabria Pineda, Laura Calderón Pérez, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Lisa M. Jaremka, Elizaveta Kushnir, Lisa Anton-Boicuk, Gabriel Lins de Holanda Coelho, Lina Ahlgren, Carmel Levitan, Leticia Micheli, Leonhard Volz, Marija Stojanovska, Leanne Boucher, Lara Samojlenko, Lady Grey Javela, Lada Kaliská, Lara Warmelink, Luis Miguel Rojas-Berscia, Karen Yu, Jakub Wachowicz, Kermeka Desai, Krystian Barzykowski, Luca Kozma, Kortnee C. Evans, Komila Kirgizova, Bamikole Emmanuel Agesin, Monica A. Koehn, Kelly Wolfe, Tatiana Korobova, Kristoffer Klevjer, Kevin van Schie, Kévin Vezirian, Kaja Damnjanović, Katrine Krabbe Thommesen, Kathleen Schmidt, Katarzyna Filip, Karolina Grzech, Karlijn Hoyer, Karis Moon, Kafeel Rana, Kristina Janjić, Jordan W. Suchow, Julita Kielińska, Julio E. Cruz Vásquez, Julia Beitner, Juan Camilo Vargas-Nieto, Jose Carlos T. Roxas, Jennifer M. Taber, Joan Urriago-Rayo, Jeffrey M. Pavlacic, Jozef Bavoľár, José A. Soto, Jonas Olofsson, Johannes K Vilsmeier, Johanna Messerschmidt, Johanna Czamanski‐Cohen, Jordane Boudesseul, Jeong Min Lee, Julia Kamburidis, Janis Zickfeld, Jacob Francisco Miranda, Jeroen P. H. Verharen, Evgeniya Hristova, Julie Beshears, Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Jasmijn Bosch, Jaroslava Varella Valentová, Jan Antfolk, Jana Berkessel, Jana Schrötter, Ján Urban, Jan Philipp Röer, James O. Norton, Jaime R. Silva, Jade Pickering, Jáchym Vintr, Jim Uttley, Jonas R. Kunst, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Aishwarya Iyer, Iris Vilares, Aleksandr Ivanov, Ivan Ropovik, Isabela Sula, Ирена Сариева, Irem Metin-Orta, Irina Prusova, Isabel R. Pinto, Andreea Ioana Bozdoc, Inês Almeida, Ilse L. Pit, İlker Dalḡar, Ilya Zakharov, Azuka Ikechukwu Arinze, Keiko Ihaya, Ian D. Stephen, Biljana Gjoneska, Hilmar Brohmer, Heather D. Flowe, Hendrik Godbersen, Halil Emre Kocalar, Mattie V. Hedgebeth, Hu Chuan-Peng, MohammadHasan Sharifian, Harry Manley, Handan Akkaş, Nándor Hajdú, Habiba Azab, Gwenaël Kaminski, Gustav Nilsonne, Gulnaz Anjum, Giovanni A. Travaglino, Gilad Feldman, Gerit Pfuhl, Gabriela Czarnek, Gabriela Mariana Marcu, Gabriela Hofer, Gabriel Baník, Gabriel Agboola Adetula, Gijsbert Bijlstra, Frederick Verbruggen, Franki Y. H. Kung, Francesco Foroni, Gage Singer, Fany Muchembled, Flávio Azevedo, Farnaz Mosannenzadeh, Evelina Marinov, Eva Štrukelj, Zahra Etebari, Ernest Baskin, Elkin O. Luís, Erica D. Musser, I. M. M. van Steenkiste, El Rim Ahn, Ekaterina Pronizius, Emily Jackson, Efisio Manunta, Елена Агадуллина, Dušana Šakan, Pınar Dursun, Olivier Dujols, Dmitrii Dubrov, Megan Willis, Murat Tümer, Jennifer L Beaudry, Dora Popović, Daniel J. Dunleavy, Ikhlas Djamai, Dino Krupıć, Diego Vega, Hongfei Du, Débora Jeanette Mola, William E. Davis, Dawn Liu Holford, David M. G. Lewis, David C. Vaidis, Daphna Hausman Ozery, Daniel Storage, Daniela Sousa, Daniela Serrato Alvarez, Anna Dalla Rosa, Dajana Krupić, Dafne Marko, David Moreau, Crystal Reeck, Rita C. Correia, Cassie M. Whitt, Claus Lamm, Claudio Singh Solorzano, Claudia C. von Bastian, Clare Sutherland, Clara Overkott, Christopher L. Aberson, Chunhui Wang, Christiana Karashiali, Chris Noone, Faith Chiu, Chiara Picciocchi, Cemre Karaarslan, Nicola Cellini, Celia Esteban‐Serna, Cecilia Reyna, Carlota Batres, Ranran Li, Caterina Grano, Joëlle Carpentier, Christian K. Tamnes, Cynthia H.Y. Fu, Byurakn Ishkhanyan, Lisa Bylinina, Bastian Jaeger, Carsten Bundt, Tara Bulut Allred, Ahmed Bokkour, Natalia Bogatyreva, William J. Chopik, Benedict Guzman Antazo, Behzad Behzadnia, Maja Becker, Beatrice Cocco, Wei‐Lun Chou, Barbora Hubená, Barbara Žuro, Balázs Aczél, Ekaterina Baklanova, Hui Bai, Busra Bahar Balci, Peter Babinčák, Barnaby Dixson, Aviv Mokady, Heather Barry Kappes, Mohammad Atari, Anna Szala, Anna Szabelska, John Jamir Benzon R. Aruta, Artur Domurat, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Arianna Modena, Arca Adıgüzel, Arash Monajem, Kanza AIT EL ARABI, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Adriana Julieth Olaya Torres, Andriana Theodoropoulou, Anita Penić Jurković, Angelos P. Kassianos, Andrej Findor, Andree Hartanto, Anaïs Thibault Landry, Ana Lúcia da Silva Ferreira, Anabela Caetano Santos, Anabel De la Rosa-Gómez, Amélie Gourdon-Kanhukamwe, Anna Louise Todsen, Alper KARABABA, Allison Janak, Alexandre Bran, Alexa M. Tullett, A Kuźmińska, Anthony J. Krafnick, Anum Urooj, Ahmed Khaoudi, Afroja Ahmed, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Adeyemi Adetula, Anabel Belaus, Abdelilah CHARYATE, Aaron L. Wichman, Alina Stoyanova, Anna Greenburgh, Andrew G. Thomas, Alexiοs Arvanitis, Patrick S. Forscher, Peter Robert Mallik, Maximilian Primbs, Jeremy K. Miller, Hannah Moshontz, Heather L. Urry, Hans IJzerman, Dana Basnight-Brown, Christopher R. Chartier, Erin Michelle Buchanan, Nicholas A. Coles
Bibliographic record
VenueAffective Science · 2022
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicMisinformation and Its Impacts
Canadian institutionsUniversité du Québec à MontréalConcordia UniversityWilfrid Laurier UniversityUniversity of the Fraser ValleyKellogg's (Canada)
FundersLeibniz-GemeinschaftAustralian Research CouncilNational Institute of Mental HealthSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of CanadaHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeNational Institutes of HealthHuo Family FoundationAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloNemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs HivatalJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceVedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAVNorges ForskningsrådPennsylvania State UniversityAgentúra na Podporu Výskumu a VývojaUniversità degli Studi di PadovaMinistero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della RicercaStudienstiftung des Deutschen VolkesNational Cancer InstituteNarodowym Centrum NaukiKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadAssociation Nationale de la Recherche et de la TechnologieNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekAgence Nationale de la RechercheDipartimenti di EccellenzaDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftFundacja na rzecz Nauki PolskiejEuropean CommissionAssociation for Psychological ScienceNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsKingston UniversityFoundation for the National Institutes of HealthUniverzita Karlova v PrazeCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorUniversity of PennsylvaniaEducation University of Hong KongNational Science Foundation
KeywordsFraming (construction)FeelingAnxietyPsychologyFraming effectPsychological interventionSocial psychologyCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)PandemicEmpirical evidenceUnintended consequencesPolitical scienceMedicinePersuasion
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.006
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.011
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.015
Threshold uncertainty score0.049
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.015 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.029
GPT teacher head0.366
Teacher spread0.338 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations50
Published2022
Admission routes2
Has abstractno