On the shoulders of students? The contribution of PhD students to the\n advancement of knowledge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using the participation in peer reviewed publications of all doctoral\nstudents in Quebec over the 2000-2007 period this paper provides the first\nlarge scale analysis of their research effort. It shows that PhD students\ncontribute to about a third of the publication output of the province, with\ndoctoral students in the natural and medical sciences being present in a higher\nproportion of papers published than their colleagues of the social sciences and\nhumanities. Collaboration is an important component of this socialization:\ndisciplines in which student collaboration is higher are also those in which\ndoctoral students are the most involved in peer-reviewed publications. In terms\nof scientific impact, papers co-signed by doctorate students obtain\nsignificantly lower citation rates than other Quebec papers, except in natural\nsciences and engineering. Finally, this paper shows that involving doctoral\nstudents in publications is positively linked with degree completion and\nulterior career in research.\n
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.035 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".