Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the past year, unfazed by the logistical challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, Canada continued to make substantial legal and political advancements towards a more robust regime of environmental protection. In terms of federal case law, the References re Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act reached the Supreme Court of Canada, where it was confirmed in March that the federal Parliament has the jurisdiction to enact minimum national standards of a greenhouse gas pricing law (2021 SCC 11, ). Hence, the constitutionality of the 2018 Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act was also upheld. At a subnational level, provincially, the British Columbia Court of Appeal declared, in Victory Motors (Abbotsford) Ltd v Actton Super-Save Gas Stations Ltd (Victory Motors), that the Environmental Management Act does not preclude ‘full indemnification’ of all legal costs reasonably incurred from remediating contaminated land (2021 BCCA 129, ). The Ontario Divisional Court in September found in Greenpeace Canada (2471256 Canada Inc) that the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing failed to comply with the public consultation requirements under section 15 of the Environmental Bill of Rights (EBR), prior to expanding Ministerial Zoning Orders on the Environmental Registry (2021 ONSC 4521, ). It should also be noted that the Local Planning Appeal Tribunal, Environmental Review Tribunal, Board of Negotiation, Conservation Review Board, and the Mining and Lands Tribunal have been consolidated into a singular institution: the Ontario Land Tribunal (OLT).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.220 | 0.060 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".