Tripeptide Leu-Ser-Trp Regulates the Vascular Endothelial Cells Phenotype Switching by Mediating the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Packaging of miR-145
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tripeptide LSW, initially identified as a potent ACE inhibitory peptide from soybean protein, was recently reported to exert a protective effect against angiotensin II-induced endothelial dysfunction via extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, the molecular mechanisms, especially in lipid accumulation-induced atherosclerosis, still remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate whether the protective effects of LSW against endothelial dysfunction on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) was via vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)-derived miRNA-145 packaged in EVs. The miRNA-145 was concentrated in EVs from LSW-treated VSMCs (LEVs), internalized into the HVUECs, and targeted the programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4) expression of HUVECs. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) was applied to induce endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs; oxLDL-induced endothelial dysfunction in HUVECs was attenuated by PDCD4 knockout or LEVs incubation. The results of this study suggested a novel function of LSW as a regulator on the functional EVs from vascular cells in the oxLDL-induced atherosclerotic model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".