Single and chronic administration of cellulose ethers rescue memory deficit in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease and the major cause of dementia. Recent studies including our findings showed that cellulose ethers (CEs) derivative (TC‐5RW) treatment as a single subcutaneous (SC) dose (4g/kg) have therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative diseases via inhibiting the aggregation of misfolded proteins such as prions and amyloid beta (Aβ). CEs are approved by the FDA as safe, inactive ingredients in foods and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, in this study we aimed to test whether single and repeated treatment with the CE TC‐5RW improves cognitive functions in an animal model of AD. Methods We used the 5xFAD mouse model, which harbours five familial AD mutations. The 5xFAD mice co‐overexpress human amyloid precursor protein and presenilin‐1, resulting in overproduction of Aβ and memory deficit. At the age of 6 weeks, one group of 5xFAD mice was treated with a single dose of TC‐5RW (4g/kg/SC) while another group of mice was treated weekly with TC‐5RW (4g/kg/SC) until 7 months of age. Two other groups of mice, wild type (WT) of same background and non‐treated 5xFAD mice were included as controls in our experiment. After completion of TC‐5RW treatment, behavioral studies (novel object recognition (NOR), Y‐maze and contextual fear conditioning (CFC) tests) were performed. Results In the NOR and Y‐maze tests, we observed a reduced percentage of recognition index and spontaneous alteration behavior in 5xFAD mice compared to WT mice. The TC‐5RW treatment at single and chronic dosage significantly increased the percentage of recognition index and spontaneous alteration behavior in 5xFAD mice compared to non‐treated 5xFAD mice. Similarly, the CFC test results showed a lower percentage of time freezing in 5xFAD mice compared to WT mice. Interestingly, TC‐5RW at both dosage regimen significantly improved the percentage of time freezing in 5xFAD mice compared to non‐treated 5xFAD mice. Conclusion In summary, single and chronic administration of TC‐5RW induce beneficial effects via improving learning and memory functions of 5xFAD mice. These results demonstrate that CE based compounds might be valuable and emerging therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".