Direct observation of an atomic thin inversion layer at the native oxide/ n-Si interface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A recombination-free high-quality interface is desired for all semiconductor solar cells. An induced inversion layer and the resulting concentrated surface electric field are critical factors for the reduction of photocarrier recombination. The surface inversion layer has been widely predicted at the interface of two materials with different work functions leading to large energy band bending. Herein, we present the direct observation of an atomic thin hole inversion layer between cubic-phase indium tin oxide (c-ITO)/native oxide/n-Si interface using transmission electron microscopy. Excellent lattice matching, atomic oxidation of pristine Si substrate and interfacial charge engineering enable this high-quality interface and its revelation. A facile process of air-annealing and commensurate adjacent thin film phase transition is explored. The device exhibits an ultra-low recombination rate at the interface and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of over 97% for a broad range of wavelengths. This presentation will provide an understanding of the silicon - native oxide semiconductor interface as developed via facile processing and electron microscopy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".