Perspectives in prospective comparative economic evaluations: a systematic review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Depending on countries and health systems, medico-economic assessment guidelines recommend to adopt one or several perspectives. We conducted a systematic literature review in order to assess the fit between the country guidelines and the perspectives announced in the published studies. AREAS COVERED: Searches were carried out within the Medline electronic database for records published between 1 January 2000 and 31 August 2020. Only studies from countries in which guidelines recommending a perspective to adopt were available online were selected. EXPERT OPINION: A total of 398 studies were included. Among those studies, 212 (54.9%) adopted as a main perspective a public payer perspective, 141 (36.5%) a societal perspective, 25 (6.5%) a hospital perspective, and 8 (2.1%) a patient perspective. Recommendations in terms of perspective were followed by 267 (67.1%) studies, mainly from Canada, the UK, and the Netherlands. Two thirds of the perspectives chosen in studies were in line with the recommendations. While the choice of a perspective does not question the quality of the studies published, it raises the question of the relevance of the perspectives that must be adapted to the question asked, the pathology studied, and the feasibility of the studies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.186 | 0.472 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.013 | 0.009 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.020 | 0.021 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".