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Association of Polygenic Score and the involvement of Cholinergic and Glutamatergic Pathways with Lithium Treatment Response in Patients with Bipolar Disorder
Azmeraw T. Amare, Anbupalam Thalamuthu, Klaus Oliver Schubert, Janice M. Fullerton, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Simon Hartmann, Sergi Papiol, Urs Heilbronner, Franziska Degenhardt, Fasil Tekola‐Ayele, Liping Hou, Yi‐Hsiang Hsu, Tatyana Shekhtman, Mazda Adli, Nirmala Akula, Kazufumi Akiyama, Raffaella Ardau, Bárbara Arias, Jean‐Michel Aubry, Lena Backlund, Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee, Frank Bellivier, Antoni Benabarre, Susanne Bengesser, Joanna M. Biernacka, Armin Birner, Cynthia Marie‐Claire, Pablo Cervantes, Hsi‐Chung Chen, Caterina Chillotti, Sven Cichon, Cristiana Cruceanu, Piotr M. Czerski, Nina Dalkner, Maria Del Zompo, J. Raymond DePaulo, Bruno Étain, Stéphane Jamain, Peter Falkai, Andreas J. Forstner, Louise Frisén, Mark A. Frye, Sébastien Gard, Julie Garnham, Fernando S. Goes, Maria Grigoroiu‐Serbânescu, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Sophia Stegmaier, Thomas Ethofer, Silvia Biere, Kristiyana Petrova, Ceylan Schuster, Kristina Adorjan, Monika Budde, Maria Heilbronner, János Kálmán, Mojtaba Oraki Kohshour, Daniela Reich‐Erkelenz, Sabrina K. Schaupp, Eva C. Schulte, Fanny Senner, Thomas Vogl, Ion‐George Anghelescu, Volker Arolt, Udo Dannlowski, Detlef E. Dietrich, Christian Figge, Markus Jäger, Fabian Lang, Georg Juckel, Carsten Spitzer, Jens Reimer, Max Schmauß, Andrea Schmitt, Carsten Konrad, Martin von Hagen, Jens Wiltfang, Jörg Zimmermann, Till F. M. Andlauer, André Fischer, Felix Bermpohl, Vivien Kraft, Silke Matura, Irina Falkenberg, Cüneyt Yildiz, Tilo Kircher, Julia Schmidt, Marius Koch, Katrin Gade, Sarah Trost, Ida S. Haussleiter, Martin Lambert, Anja Rohenkohl, Paul Grof, Ryota Hashimoto, Joanna Hauser, Stefan Herms, Per Hoffmann, Esther Jiménez, Jean‐Pierre Kahn, Layla Kassem, Po‐Hsiu Kuo, Tadafumi Kato, John R. Kelsoe, Sarah Kittel‐Schneider, Ewa Ferensztajn‐Rochowiak, Barbara König, Ichiro Kusumi, Gonzalo Laje, Mikael Landén, Catharina Lavebratt, Marion Leboyer, Susan G. Leckband, Alfonso Tortorella, Mirko Manchia, Lina Martinsson, Michael J. McCarthy, Susan L. McElroy, Francesc Colom, Marina Mitjans, Francis M. Mondimore, Palmiero Monteleone, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Markus M. Nöthen, Tomáš Novák, Claire O’Donovan, Norio Ozaki, Andrea Pfennig, Claudia Pisanu, James B. Potash, Andreas Reif, Eva Z. Reininghaus, Guy A. Rouleau, Janusz Rybakowski, Martin Schalling, Peter R. Schofield, Barbara Schweizer, Giovanni Severino, Paul D. Shilling, Kazutaka Shimoda, Christian Simhandl, Claire Slaney, Alessio Squassina, Thomas Stamm, Pavla Stopková, Mario Maj, Gustavo Turecki, Eduard Vieta, Julia Veeh, Stephanie H. Witt, A. Jordan Wright, Peter P. Zandi, Philip B. Mitchell, Michael Bauer, Martin Alda, Marcella Rietschel, Francis J. McMahon, Thomas G. Schulze, Vincent Millischer, Scott R. Clark, Bernhard T. Baune
Bibliographic record
VenueResearch Square · 2023
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicBipolar Disorder and Treatment
Canadian institutionsDalhousie UniversityMcGill UniversityMcGill University Health Centre
FundersNational Cancer InstituteNational Health and Medical Research CouncilMedical Research CouncilCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchNational Institutes of HealthMinistry of Education, IndiaVirginia Commonwealth UniversityVetenskapsrådetNational Institute of Mental HealthStockholms Läns LandstingCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud MentalNational Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and DepressionKarolinska InstitutetGeneralitat de CatalunyaBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungResearch Nova ScotiaUniversity of AdelaideEuropean CommissionUniversity of OxfordGenome CanadaDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftCentres de Recerca de CatalunyaUniversity of LouisvilleJohns Hopkins UniversityUniversity of New South WalesRush UniversityWayne State UniversityUniversity of PennsylvaniaBrain and Behavior Research Foundation
KeywordsGlutamatergicBipolar disorderLithium (medication)Association (psychology)CholinergicMedicineNeuroscienceInternal medicinePsychologyClinical psychologyPsychiatryOncologyGlutamate receptorPsychotherapist
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.010
Threshold uncertainty score0.620
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.036
GPT teacher head0.309
Teacher spread0.273 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations7
Published2023
Admission routes2
Has abstractno