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Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to spectral signatures of hadronic PeVatrons with application to Galactic Supernova Remnants
F. Acero, A. Acharyya, R. Adam, Arnau Aguasca-Cabot, I. Agudo, A. Aguirre-Santaella, Jorge Alfaro, Roberto Aloisio, Nuria Álvarez Crespo, Rafael Alves Batista, L. Amati, Elena Amato, G. Ambrosi, E. O. Angüner, C. Aramo, Cornelia Arcaro, T. P. Armstrong, Katsuaki Asano, Y. Ascasíbar, J. Aschersleben, Michael Backes, Ali Baktash, Csaba Balázs, Matteo Balbo, J. Ballet, Andrés Baquero, V. Barbosa Martins, U. Barres de Almeida, J. A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, J. Baxter, J. Becker Tjus, W. Benbow, M.I. Bernardos-Martín, J. Bernete, A. Berti, B. Bertucci, Vasyl Beshley, Pooja Bhattacharjee, Saptashwa Bhattacharyya, A. Biland, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, O. Blanch, P. Bordas, E. Bottacini, J. Bregeon, Robert Brose, N. Bucciantini, A. Bulgarelli, M. Capasso, R.A. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. A. Caraveo, M. Cardillo, R. Carosi, S. Casanova, E. Cascone, F. Catalani, M. Cerruti, P. M. Chadwick, S. Chaty, A. Chen, M. Chernyakova, A. Chiavassa, J. Chudoba, Carlos H. Coimbra-Araújo, Vito Conforti, J. L. Contreras, Alessandro Costa, H. Costantini, P. Cristofari, Roland M. Crocker, Giacomo D’Amico, F. D’Ammando, A. De Angelis, Vincenzo De Caprio, E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, D. della Volpe, Davide Depaoli, T. Di Girolamo, F. Di Pierro, R. Di Tria, L. Di Venere, Sebastian Diebold, J. I. Djuvsland, Alice Donini, M. Doro, R. C. dos Anjos, Vikram V. Dwarkadas, S. Einecke, Dominik Elsässer, Gabriel Emery, Carmelo Evoli, D. Falceta-Gonçalves, E. Fedorova, S. Fegan, Gilles Ferrand, E. Fiandrini, M. D. Filipović, V. Fioretti, Michele Fiori, L. Foffano, G. Fontaine, Satoshi Fukami, Giorgio Galanti, Gaspar Galaz, V. Gammaldi, C. Gasbarra, A. Ghalumyan, G. Ghirlanda, M. Giarrusso, G. Giavitto, N. Giglietto, F. Giordano, M. Giroletti, A. Giuliani, Luca Giunti, N. Godinović, Jaziel G. Coelho, Lucas Gréaux, D. Green, M.-H. Grondin, O. Gueta, S. Gunji, T. Hassan, M. Heller, S. Hernández-Cadena, J. A. Hinton, B. Hnatyk, R. Hnatyk, D. Hoffmann, W. Hofmann, J. Holder, D. Horan, Pavel Horváth, Miroslav Hrabovský, D. Hrupec, Tomohiro Inada, Federico Incardona, Susumu Inoue, K. Ishio, M. Jamrozy, P. Janecek, Irene Jiménez Martínez, W. Jin, I. Jung-Richardt, Jakub Jurýšek, P. Kaaret, V. Karas, U. Katz, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, D. Kieda, R. Kissmann, T. K. Kleiner, Gert Werner Kluge, W. Kluźniak, J. Knödlseder, Yukiho Kobayashi, Kazunori Kohri, Nu. Komin, Paula Kornecki, H. Kubo, N. La Palombara, Miguel J. A. Láinez, A. Lamastra, J. Lapington, M. Lemoine‐Goumard, J.-P. Lenain, F. Leone, G. Leto, Fabian Leuschner, E. Lindfors, Ioannis Liodakis, T. Lohse, S. Lombardi, F. Longo, R. López-Coto, A. López-Oramas, S. Loporchio, Pedro L. Luque‐Escamilla, Oscar Macías, Jonathan Mackey, P. Majumdar, Dušan Mandát, M. Manganaro, Giulio Manicò, M. Marconi, J. Martı́, G. Martı́nez, M. Martínez, Oibar Martínez, Alexandre José Tuoto Silveira Mello, S. Menchiari, Dominique M. -A. Meyer, S. Mičanović, Davide Miceli, M. Miceli, J. Michałowski, T. Miener, J. M. Miranda, A. Mitchell, B. Mode, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, E. Molina, T. Montaruli, Daniel Morcuende, Giovanni Morlino, A. Morselli, M. Mosè, E. Moulin, R. Mukherjee, Kevin Munari, T. Murach, A. Nagai, Shigehiro Nagataki, Rodrigo Nemmen, J. Niemiec, D. Nieto, M. Nievas Rosillo, M. Nikołajuk, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, B. Novosyadlyj, S. Nozaki, M. Ohishi, S. Ohm, Yoshiki Ohtani, A. Okumura, Barbara Olmi, R. A. Ong, M. Orienti, R. Orito, M. Orlandini, S. Orlando, M. Ostrowski, R. Mirzoyan, J. M. Paredes, B. Patricelli, Mario Pecimotika, M. Peresano, Judit Pérez-Romero, M. Persic, O. Petruk, G. Piano, E. Pietropaolo, F. Podobnik, C. Pittori, M. Pohl, G. Ponti, E. Prandini, G. Principe, Chaitanya Priyadarshi, E. Pueschel, G. Pühlhofer, M.L. Pumo, A. Quirrenbach, R. Rando, S. Razzaque, Patrick Reichherzer, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, M. Renaud, T. Reposeur, M. Ribó, T. Richtler, J. Rico, F. Rieger, Michela Rigoselli, L. Riitano, V. Rizi, E. Roache, P. Romano, G. Romeo, J. Rosado, Gavin Rowell, B. Rudak, I. Sadeh, Samar Safí-Harb, L. Saha, Simon Sailer, M. Sánchez-Conde, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, Francesco Gabriele Saturni, Andres Scherer, Petr Schovánek, F. Schüßler, U. Schwanke, Salvatore Scuderi, M. Seglar-Arroyo, O. Sergijenko, M. Servillat, R.-Y. Shang, P. Sharma, H. Siejkowski, V. Sliusar, A. Słowikowska, H. Sol, A. Specovius, S. Spencer, G. Spengler, A. Stamerra, S. Stanič, Tomasz Starecki, R. Starling, Th. Stolarczyk, Luiz Augusto Pereira, Y. Suda, T. Suomijärvi, I. Sushch, H. Tajima, P. H. T. Tam, Shuta Tanaka, F. Tavecchio, V. Testa, W. Tian, L. Tibaldo, D. F. Torres, N. F. H. Tothill, B. Vallage, P. Vallania, C. van Eldik, Juliane van Scherpenberg, J. Vandenbroucke, M. Vázquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, S. Vercellone, G. Verna, A. Viana, Jonatan Vignatti, V. Vitale, Veronika Vodeb, S. Vorobiov, Thomas Vuillaume, S.J. Wagner, R. Walter, Martin White, A. Wierzcholska, M. Will, David A. Williams, Lili Yang, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, G. Zaharijaš, L. Zampieri, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, В. И. Жданов, Miha Živec
Bibliographic record
VenueAstroparticle Physics · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicAstrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónArgonne National LaboratoryComisión Nacional de Investigación Científica y TecnológicaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronCanadian Space AgencyAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareMinistério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e ComunicaçõesMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyRegione LombardiaState Committee of ScienceMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónUniversitetet i OsloMax-Planck-GesellschaftCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueScience and Technology Facilities CouncilSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungFundação AraucáriaU.S. Department of EnergyFundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroUniversity of SydneyMinistero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della RicercaMinistère de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la RechercheHrvatska Zaklada za ZnanostConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoSveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u OsijekuIowa State UniversityNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaWestern Sydney UniversityMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungEuropean CommissionLeverhulme TrustFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloNational Research FoundationJavna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RSUniversity of New South WalesBundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und ForschungNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekUniversity of OxfordInstitute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of TokyoUniversity of LeicesterIstituto Nazionale di AstrofisicaDurham UniversityFondazione CariploSmithsonian InstitutionBarnard CollegeMonash UniversityAgence Nationale de la RechercheComunidad de MadridSveučilište u ZagrebuGeorgia Institute of TechnologyNational Science Foundation
KeywordsPhysicsAstrophysicsGalactic planeCosmic rayCherenkov Telescope ArrayHadronGalaxyObservatoryAstronomySupernovaCherenkov radiationMonte Carlo methodActive galactic nucleusDetectorNuclear physicsOptics
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Simulation or modeling · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.002
Threshold uncertainty score0.004
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.009
GPT teacher head0.229
Teacher spread0.220 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designSimulation or modeling
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations19
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractno