Mutual dependence of Osbp and PI4KII in the maturation of regulated secretory granules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Secretory granules (SGs) are crucial for normal animal physiology due to their role in regulated exocytosis of biologically active molecules. SG membranes are enriched in phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P) and cholesterol, and previous studies suggest lipid composition is important for SG biogenesis and function. Nonetheless, the molecular details of how lipids are regulated during SG biogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we identify Oxysterol binding protein (Osbp) as a novel regulator of SG biogenesis in a Drosophila model. We show Osbp expression level positively correlates with SG size and that Osbp requires type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII) to increase SG size. Moreover, Osbp is needed for proper PI4KII and PI4P distribution, autophagic resolution and formation of cholesterol-rich endosomal tubules that are positive for PI4KII. Feeding larvae food supplemented with sterol leads to partial suppression of SG size and PI4P distribution defects in Osbp mutants. Our results indicate that reciprocal regulation of Osbp and PI4KII drives formation of membrane tubules that mediate SG maturation through elevating PI4P levels on SG membranes. Graphical Abstract Highlights Osbp is needed for formation of PI4KII-positive endosomal tubules that enrich secretory granule membranes with PI4P and facilitate granule maturation. Reciprocally, PI4KII is needed for Osbp-mediated secretory granule growth in salivary gland cells. Changes in Osbp expression levels alter autophagy initiation and autophagosome resolution in salivary gland cells. PI4KII-positive endosomal tubules are enriched in sterols, and sterol feeding suppresses defects caused by loss of Osbp.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".