Pembrolizumab-induced immune-related sclerosing cholangitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Immunotherapy is increasingly used to treat various types of cancer; however, it can often result in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Immune-related sclerosing cholangitis (irSC) is a rare type of hepatic irAE that has been described only in a few cases, and much remains unknown about its optimal treatment. In this report, we describe the case of a man in his 70s who was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma and treated with pembrolizumab. He experienced multiple irAEs, including irSC, which did not respond to initial prednisone treatment (2 mg/kg daily dosing). However, subsequent treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) resulted in complete resolution of symptoms and normalisation of laboratory and radiographic abnormalities related to irSC. Our case suggests that steroids, which are traditionally used to treat irAEs, may be ineffective for irSC and that UDCA may be a better alternative. Clinicians should be aware of this rare irAE.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".