Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Seals in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We describe an unusual mortality event caused by a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b involving harbor ( Phoca vitulina ) and grey ( Halichoerus grypus ) seals in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada. Fifteen (56%) of the seals submitted for necropsy were considered to be fatally infected by H5N1 containing fully Eurasian (EA) or Eurasian/North American genome constellation. Concurrently, presence of large numbers of bird carcasses infected with H5N1 at haul-out sites most likely contributed to the spill-over of infection to the seals. Histologic changes included meningoencephalitis (100%), fibrinosuppurative alveolitis, and multi-organ acute necrotizing inflammation. This is the first report of fatal H5N1 infection in pinnipeds in Canada, raising concerns about the expanding host of this virus, potential for establishment of a marine mammal reservoir, and the public health risks associated with spillover to mammals.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".