Dual nomenclature in organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts I: concepts, methods and applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dual nomenclature in dinoflagellates is supported under the current nomenclatural code for algae, fungi and plants and allows a fossil-defined (usually cyst) species to bear a name other than that of its equivalent non-fossil species, as established for example by incubation experiments. Two names can then apply to the same cyst morphotype, reflecting the separate but overlapping concepts and criteria used for fossil- and non-fossil taxa. Fossil-species are normally and logically assigned to fossil-genera and non-fossil species to non-fossil genera, a practice that facilitates dual nomenclature. Inconsistencies and ambiguities arise when binomials combine the names of fossil- with non-fossil taxa. Examples of this hybridised nomenclature and its consequences are examined, with problems identified and potential solutions discussed. Accordingly, a new non-fossil genus Lingulaulax is proposed with Lingulaulax polyedra (von Stein 1883) comb. nov. as its type and equivalent to the fossil-species Lingulodinium machaerophorum (Deflandre & Cookson 1955) Wall 1967, along with the new combination Lingulaulax milneri (Murray & Whitting 1899); the genus Lingulodinium Wall 1967 is retained in its exclusively fossil status. The non-fossil name Gonyaulax ellegaardiae Mertens et al. 2015 is validly published herein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".