Effects of dietary fibre source and content and extrusion conditions on the physicochemical composition and physical quality of fibre‐enriched lentil snacks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary The growing recognition of the health benefits associated with dietary fibre and the deficit in its daily intake are propelling the food industry to develop a variety of fibre‐enriched products including puffed snacks. Incorporating rich sources of fibre into pulse‐based foods can supplement the insufficient daily dietary fibre intake. To produce fibre‐enriched puffed pulse snacks and ready‐to‐eat breakfast cereals, three different fibre sources, namely carrot powder (CP), wheat bran (WB) and red lentil hulls (LH), were added to red lentil (RL) flour at 0%, 10% and 20% levels (w/w) and extruded at three extrusion moisture contents (MC), i.e., 18%, 20% and 22% (db). Incorporation of all three fibres into RL flour significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) increased the total and insoluble dietary fibre contents and hardness and decreased the expansion index, brightness and crispiness of extrudates. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the fibre‐enriched extrudates had thicker cell walls with smaller cells when qualitatively compared to RL extrudates with no fibre addition. CP containing extrudates had significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) higher soluble dietary fibre (SDF) content compared to extrudates containing WB and LH. WB containing extrudates were significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) harder and less expanded than CP and LH containing extrudates at the same MC. The increase in fibre incorporation level increased the hardness of CP and WB containing extrudates but did not affect LH containing extrudates. Fibre incorporation level also increased the colour differences between RL extrudates with and without fibre enrichment. Increasing MC significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) increased the SDF and hardness and decreased the expansion index of extrudates. These results can potentially pave the way for the production of fibre‐enriched pulse‐based puffed products, namely, snacks and ready‐to‐eat breakfast cereals, that are texturally and structurally appealing to consumers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".