A Sustainable Access Route to Carbazoles via C–H/C–H Oxidative Functionalization/Cyclization of Arylamines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Carbazole is an important structural motif found in natural products and active pharmaceutical ingredients. In addition, the special optoelectronic properties shown by this class of molecules have led to interesting applications in the field of material science. Given the potential of this N -heterocycle system, we have searched for a novel and more sustainable methodology for their preparation. Herein, we report a novel protocol based on a heterogeneous Pd-catalyzed intramolecular oxidative C–H/C–H coupling methodology, allowing access to carbazoles from variously functionalized diarylamines and triarylamines. Optimal results could be achieved using Pd/C as a heterogeneous catalyst in combination with molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure. This newly developed methodology allows the facile and clean synthesis of structurally diverse carbazoles, including both natural products and light-emitting molecular entities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".