Hydro-mechanical response of volcanic ash on removal of fines: Shear stiffness to critical state mechanics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Natural volcanic soils containing pumice particles are commonly found in Hokkaido, Japan, and this type of soil is prone to landslides, internal erosion, and liquefaction. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to summarise the hydro-mechanical response of volcanic ash soil subjected to internal erosion using the modified erosion triaxial apparatus, based on the literature and additional investigations. The results of the study show that the rate of erosion and shear strain during the erosion process are influenced by initial density, stress state, and hydraulic gradient. Notably, anisotropic consolidation is experienced by specimens under seepage flow. Additionally, the removal of fines leads to a slight decrease in the grading state index. Moreover, suffosion increases the maximum shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the soil, while increasing seepage time stabilises the peak shear strength of eroded specimens. Furthermore, the critical state line does not change much with internal erosion. To sum up, this study offers valuable insights into the behaviour of volcanic ash soil subjected to internal erosion and provides an integrated interpretation of hydro-mechanical response of volcanic ash on removal of fines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".