Fabrication of hollow silicon microneedles using grayscale lithography and deep reactive ion etching
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microneedles are a promising technology for drug delivery. They are minimally invasive, painless, and easy to use for various applications. In this paper, a process for fabricating hollow microneedles on a silicon substrate using maskless direct writing grayscale lithography and deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) is investigated. During the process, two approaches are employed to smoothen the needle tip and reduce the roughness of the needle bevel. First, a grayscale lithography process is used to create a 3D photoresist structure with discrete height steps. This structure is then transferred into silicon using DRIE. An SF6 isotropic etching process is utilized to create a smooth surface on the upper portion of microneedles by smoothing out the steplike structures. Alternatively, after grayscale lithography, resist thermal reflow is used to smooth out the resist structures. The resist patterns are then transferred into silicon microneedles using the DRIE technique. The morphology of the microneedles can be adjusted by varying the etching selectivity of silicon over the resist. Hollow microneedles with a height of 360 μm are produced, which offers numerous practical applications.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".