Effect of TiO<sub>2</sub> structure on hysteretic behaviors in CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work explores a mechanism behind hysteresis in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells. The solar cells in this work employed either compact TiO 2 , mesoporous TiO 2 , or a combination of compact and mesoporous TiO 2 as an electron transport layer. The solar cells using compact TiO 2 layer displayed the most pronounced hysteresis compared to those which made use of mesoporous TiO 2 . Different hysteretic behavior is attributed to difference in the built-in electric fields present in the architecture of perovskite solar cell. The solar cells with a compact TiO 2 layer have a built-in field which allows for iodide ions to migrate and accumulate near to the interface of indium-tin-oxide electrode, ultimately causing a reduction in the measured power conversion efficiency for forward bias scans. In case of the cells with a mesoporous TiO 2 layer, they have the built-in fields configured in such a way that iodide ions are blocked from migrating on a large scale to the vicinity of the ITO electrode. This results in the reduced hysteresis in perovskite solar cells when a mesoporous TiO 2 electron transport layer is employed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".