An integrated multi-omics analysis of the effects of the food processing-induced contaminant 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD) in rat heart
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Many foods including edible oils contain 2-monochloropropane-1,3-diol (2-MCPD), a processing-induced chemical contaminant. Cardiotoxic effects have been shown to result from oral 2-MCPD exposure in rodents, but the underlying mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. We undertook a comprehensive multi-omics approach to assess changes at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and oxylipin levels in heart tissues from male F344 rats that were exposed to 0 or 40 mg/kg BW/day of 2-MCPD in the diet for 90 days, in a regulatory compliant rodent bioassay. Heart tissues were collected for RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR analysis, proteomic analysis via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, and targeted lipidomic profiling by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Transcriptomic and proteomic data analyses revealed upregulation of immune/inflammatory response processes and downregulation of energy metabolism and cardiac structure and functions. Among differentially expressed gene-protein pairs, coronin-1A, a key leukocyte-regulating protein, emerged as markedly up-regulated. Oxylipin profiling highlighted a selective suppression of docosahexaenoic acid-derived metabolites, suggesting a disruption in cardioprotective lipid pathways. These findings suggest that 2-MCPD disrupts homeostasis through inflammatory activation and suppression of metabolic and cardiac function. This research provides insights into 2-MCPD's cardiotoxicity, emphasizing the need for further studies to support hazard characterization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".