Exploring the functional potential of pea-based sourdough in traditional durum wheat focaccia: Role in enhancing bioactive compounds, in vitro antioxidant activity, in vitro digestibility and aroma
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Legume-based sourdough is gaining momentum. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of type I sourdough prepared with durum wheat semolina (S1), pea flour (S2) or 50:50 semolina/pea flour (S3) in improving the nutritional quality, antioxidant compounds, in vitro digestibility and aroma of traditional durum wheat focaccia . Six focaccias were prepared: three with 40 % of S1, S2 and S3, and three with the corresponding amount of unfermented flours. Pea sourdough increased the content of phenolic compounds (8.82 ± 0.12 mg GAE/g d.m. in focaccia with 40 % pea flour and 4.92 ± 0.41 mg GAE/g d.m. in unfermented semolina focaccia ), and consequently increased the antioxidant activity. Focaccias with pea flour or pea sourdough were “source of protein” and “high fiber”, according to UE Reg. 1924/2006. Pea sourdough slowed down starch in vitro digestibility while enhancing protein digestibility and leading to a more complex volatile profile, with increased content of aldehydes, alcohols and Maillard reaction compounds. • Pea flour and pea sourdough partially replaced semolina in focaccia. • Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds increased with pea-based sourdough. • Focaccia with pea flour was “source of protein” and “rich in fibre”. • Pea sourdough slowed down starch digestion and increased protein digestibility. • Pea flour and sourdough impacted on the volatile compounds of focaccia.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it