Weakened hydrophobic interactions enhance bubble release in electrocatalytic water-splitting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In scaling up electrocatalytic water-splitting processes, a key challenge is the inherent sluggishness resulting from bubble adhering to electrode and associated interfacial interactions at electrode-electrolyte interface. Therefore, we address this issue by modifying microenvironment at electrode-electrolyte interface, where we developed superaerophobic CoP (a representative electrocatalyst) that effectively mitigated the bubble-related problem. To elucidate underlying mechanisms of bubble release process, we systematic investigated the interaction forces between different CoP surfaces and bubbles using direct force measurements coupled with theoretical calculation. The van der Waals (VDW) and electric double layer (EDL) forces were found to be always repulsive regardless of changes in the microenvironment, and the attractive hydrophobic (HB) interaction dominated the behavior of gas bubbles (attachment or detachment) at the electrode surface during water-splitting. Enhanced superaerophobicity of our CoP stems from weakened HB attraction between the electrode and bubbles, leading to faster bubble release and facilitated interfacial mass transfer. Our finding improves the fundamental understanding of bubble dynamics in gas evolution process and provides a strategy for optimizing the performance of electrocatalysts. • A superaerophobic electrode is developed by surface treatment of CoP electrocatalysts. • Notable change of overpotential is achieved by regulating bubble-electrode interactions. • The reduction in bubble adhesion is attributed to weakened hydrophobic force. • Simple surface treatment of electrocatalysts can be applied to other materials for gas evolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".