Identification of neurodevelopmental organization of the cell populations of juvenile Huntington’s disease using dorso-ventral HD organoids and HD mouse embryos
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Huntington’s disease (HD) is a polyglutamine neurodegenerative disease involving pathogenesis within the striatum and cerebral cortex and a neurodevelopmental component, particularly in juvenile HD form (JOHD). We established a fused HD dorsal-ventral system, imitating the cortex and striatum interaction in a single organoid to discover neurodevelopmental impairments at the level of cell populations. We found a range of early pathogenic phenotypes indicating that brain development in HD is affected by impaired neurogenesis. The phenotypes occurred already in early-stage 60-day organoids and the brain of humanized mouse embryos, at time of the beginning of the neurogenesis and choroid plexus development. We demonstrated that HD organoids and HD mouse embryonic brains had gene expression profiles of impaired maturation of neurons and increased expression of genes responsible for proliferation compared to genes responsible for differentiation in control organoids. By using scRNA-seq, the choroid plexus population was highly abundant in HD organoids and embryonic brains. Cortical and choroid plexus cell populations in HD organoids and brains co-expressed genes responsible for HTT function (mitotic spindle and cilia). The impaired maturation and the increased occurrence of the choroid plexus populations were mitigated in our compensatory model, mosaic dorsal/ventral (D/V) or V/D HD/control organoids. Finally, we found that TTR protein, a choroid plexus marker, is elevated in the adult HD mouse serum, indicating that TTR may be a promising marker for detecting HD. In summary, the fused dorso-ventral HD organoids identify a spectrum of neurodevelopmental features, including increased proliferation and delayed cell maturation. We demonstrate that the choroid plexus population is characteristic of aberrant HD neurodevelopment, and contains TTR marker, which can be translated as a blood marker in HD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".