An International Delphi-Based Study for Developing a Core Outcome Set for Hypospadias Surgery
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Explicit outcomes routinely measured across the life span following hypospadias surgery, defined by a core outcome set (COS), will harmonize and overcome reporting heterogeneity. METHODS: Age-specific outcomes identified in a literature review were presented in a three-round Delphi survey. Participants (professionals, parents, and patients) were encouraged to suggest outcomes in the first Delphi round. In subsequent rounds, participants were asked to choose and rank up to five preferred outcomes for each age. To be deemed core, an outcome needed over 70% of votes in a round. RESULTS: Professionals were mainly paediatric urologists (rounds 1, 2, 3: n = 57 [77%], 39 [78%], 35 [81%]). The response rates from parents/patients (rounds 1, 2, 3: n = 17, 5, 3) were low. In young boys (<6 years, 10-11 years), four core outcomes were identical (voiding, fistula, re-operation, and urethral stricture). Core outcomes in boys aged 11-16 years (cosmesis, curvature, voiding, stricture, and psychosocial status) and boys >16 years (cosmesis, curvature, erection, voiding, and psychosexual development) varied more. CONCLUSION: Outcomes to include in a COS were consistent in younger boys. A larger variety was observed in older boys and reflects less clarity on relevant outcomes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it