X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of metal oxide nanoparticles: chemical composition, oxidation state and functional group content
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
amine, stearic acid, and PVP-coated samples). Survey and high-resolution scans have provided information on the atomic composition of the samples, including an estimate of the stoichiometry of the metal oxide, the presence of functional groups and the identification and quantification of any impurities on the surface. The presence of significant impurities for some samples and the variation from the expected oxidation state in other cases are relevant to studies of the environmental and health impacts of these materials as well as their use in applications. The functional group content measured by XPS shows a similar trend to earlier quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) data for aminated samples. This indicates that XPS can be a complementary probe of surface functional group content in cases where the functional group contains a unique element not otherwise present on the nanoparticles.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it