Effects of GS-CA1 on nuclear envelope-associated early HIV-1 infection steps
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The novel HIV-1 drugs GS-CA1 and the recently approved lenacapavir (GS-6207) target the viral structural protein capsid (CA). However, their multiple mechanisms of action have not been fully characterized. Here, we investigated the effects of GS-CA1 on the early stages of HIV-1 infection, specifically the steps involving the nuclear envelope, in comparison to the antiviral cytokine IFN-β. Mass spectrometry data indicated that nuclear envelope proteins were only modestly affected by either GS-CA1 treatment or HIV-1 infection, but combining the two had a more significant impact, altering the levels of many proteins including proteasomal components. GS-CA1 induced a small but clear accumulation of HIV-1 capsid cores at nuclear pores, as seen by microscopy, whereas IFN-β caused a strong accumulation of HIV-1 cores at the nuclear envelope but not specifically at nuclear pores. These observations are consistent with GS-CA1 inhibiting the nuclear translocation of HIV-1 capsid cores through nuclear pores.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".