Investigation of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.) Resistance to Propanil, Quinclorac, Cyhalofop, Glyphosate, Imazethapyr, Bispyribac, and Florpyauxifen-benzyl in Mississippi Rice Fields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Weed management programs are an essential component of rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in Mississippi. Herbicides will continue to be a major component in most integrated weed management systems in rice and other crops. Weeds developing resistance to herbicide continue to be a problem in Mississippi agriculture. A greenhouse study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 at the Delta Research and Extension Center, in Stoneville, Mississippi, to evaluate barnyardgrass resistance to Stam M4 (propanil), Facet (quinclorac), Clincher (cyhalofop), Roundup formulations (glyphosate), Newpath (imazethapyr), Regiment (bispyribac), and Loyant (florpyauxifen-benzyl) in Mississippi rice fields. Forty-six random barnyardgrass accessions from various Counties of Mississippi rice fields were collected in 2018. The number of barnyardgrass plants surviving from each herbicide application was recorded four-weeks after application to determine the percentage of barnyardgrass-resistant for each population and for each herbicide application. The high level of barnyardgrass survival from Loyant application indicate that Loyant alone is not be able to control barnyardgrass. The suspected barnyardgrass-resistant plants (survived plants) from each herbicide application except for Loyant were transplanted in a bigger pot for seed production. The seed (F1) was harvested for the next step of testing in 2020 to investigate the level of barnyardgrass seedling (from survived plants in 2019) response to different rates (1/2 X, 1X, 2X, and 4X) of Propanil, Facet, Clincher, Glyphosate, Newpath, and Regiment (does response). Four suspected herbicide-resistant (highest level) barnyardgrass populations from Propanil, Facet, Clincher, Regiment, Newpath, and Glyphosate were selected for does response. The results indicate that the F1 population of suspected herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass from Desoto-1 County is resistant to Propanil, Newpath, Clincher, and Regiment (multiple resistance) and the F1 population of suspected herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass from Washington-1 County is resistance to Propanil, Newpath, Clincher, Regiment, and Glyphosate (multiple resistance).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".