Bibliographic record
Abstract
The economic history of the North American integration project can best be described as developing in fits and starts. Though there were periods of sustained cooperation, any semblance of stability would soon be disrupted by this or that new initiative announced with much fanfare by the United States. Canada and Mexico have thus frequently been captured by the theater of American politics, but at the same time manage to carve out a special place for their two countries in the minds of U.S. policy makers. It is easy to forget the contribution of a strong North American market to continental interests, and the three countries often forget how to “think North American” as a result. Revisiting the time when North American integration was in its intellectual heyday, this chapter looks to Europe to re-learn how to “think North American” and focuses on three areas where trilateral cooperation in line with a continental vision could be possible today. First, is strengthening our regional trade relationship to support resilience in the face of shocks. Second, is to improve social cohesion through economic opportunity and development in disadvantaged regions, particularly in Mexico. Third, is cooperation on one of the major existential threats of our time, climate change. In a renewed era of frustration with trade and globalization, competitive pressure from a rising China, and a shifting political consensus toward protectionism, this chapter argues that an open, dynamic and ambitious North America is essential to realizing the continent's full potential.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.014 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".