Host Immune Cell Membrane Deformability Governs the Uptake Route of Malaria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, secretes extracellular vesicles (EVs) to facilitate its growth and to communicate with the external microenvironment, primarily targeting the host’s immune cells. How parasitic EVs enter specific immune cell types within the highly heterogeneous pool of immune cells remains largely unknown. Using a combination of imaging flow cytometry and advanced fluorescence analysis, we demonstrated that the route of uptake of parasite-derived EVs differs markedly between host T cells and monocytes. T cells, which are components of the adaptive immune system, internalize parasite-derived EVs mainly through an interaction with the plasma membrane, whereas monocytes, which function in the innate immune system, take up these EVs via endocytosis. The membranal/endocytic balance of EV internalization is driven mostly by the amount of endocytic incorporation. Integrating atomic force microscopy with fluorescence data analysis revealed that internalization depends on the biophysical properties of the cell membrane rather than solely on molecular interactions. In support of this, altering the cholesterol content in the cell membrane tilted the balance in favor of one uptake route over another. Our results provide mechanistic insights into how P. falciparum -derived EVs enter into diverse host cells. This study highlights the sophisticated cell-communication tactics used by the malaria parasite.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".