Whole pulse ingredient inclusion in macronutrient-balanced diets increased fecal concentrations of propionic acid but not total bile acids in healthy adult large-breed dogs after 20 weeks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of up to 45% inclusion of whole pulse ingredients in grain-free (GF) diets on the excretion of bile acids (BAs) and other fecal metabolites in healthy large-breed dogs. Twenty-eight adult Siberian Huskies were fed 1 of 4 experimental diets formulated to meet the same macronutrient profiles for 20 wk: 1) grain-inclusive diet with 45% corn (Ctl), 2) GF diet with 15% pulses (Pulse15), 3) GF diet with 30% pulses (Pulse30), 4) GF diet with 45% pulses (Pulse45). All diets included chicken meal and pea starch. Fecal samples were collected on weeks 2 and 19. Bile acids were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MRM/MS technology, while fecal metabolites were analyzed using Agilent HP1000 high-performance liquid chromatography. Bile acids and fecal metabolite data were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure in SAS studios (SAS version 9.4, SAS Inst., Inc., Cary, NC). All means were separated using the Tukey-Kramer adjustment (significant when P < 0.05). After 20 wk of feeding, concentrations of lithocholic acid were greater in Pulse15 and Pulse30 than Ctl (P = 0.001), but all were similar to Pulse45. Concentrations of deoxycholic (P = 0.054), lithocholic (P = 0.001), total secondary (P = 0.022), and total BA (P = 0.045) tended to be linearly associated with dietary pulse inclusion. Dogs consuming Pulse30 had greater fecal propionic acid concentrations than Ctl (P = 0.017), but both were similar to Pulse15 and Pulse45. Total branched-chain fatty acids (P = 0.001) and iso-butyric acid (P < 0.0001) were greater in Ctl than in all pulse groups. Inversely, arabinose concentrations were greater in all pulse groups compared to Ctl (P = 0.001). In summary, diets with up to 45% inclusion of whole pulse ingredients do not increase total BA excretion but may contribute to greater short-chain fatty acids production.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".