School bullying: children and adolescent norms, cultures and identity development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction School bullying arises from a system of peers who form bonds through the repeated victimization of others. This empirical research article examines the function of bullying within the context of children and adolescent norms and cultures, aiming to highlight the motivations underlying inappropriate and anti-social behavior in school. Methods The study is a multi-method qualitative inquiry undertaken in one school system in Switzerland, including participants from the two main linguistic and cultural areas (French and German-speaking regions). Primary and secondary school students took part in focus groups (76 students) or seven individual interviews (7 students), while non-participant observations were carried out in seven primary school classes (185 students). Results The findings indicate that when bullying occurs, it is mainly expected among peers, directly reflecting the prevailing but changing social norms within youth groups. They highlight how children and adolescent identity development is related to bullying. Discussion The article points to ways in which education actors can act when faced with anti-social behaviors or bullying situations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".