Preparation of Chitosan-Glycidyl Methacrylate Grafted Rice Straw Cellulose (Chi/GMAgCell) Composite Film for Cadmium Ions Removal from Water
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research aims to develop an efficient adsorption material based on chitosan-glycidyl methacrylate grafted cellulose (Chi/GMAgCell) composite film as an adsorbent for the removal of Cd 2+ ions from water.Cellulose was isolated from rice straw and grafted with glycidyl methacrylate to produce glycidyl methacrylate-grafted cellulose (GMAgCell).The GMAgCell was incorporated into a chitosan film (Chi-film) as a filler to form the Chi/GMAgCell composite film.To create Chi/GMAgCell composite films with high tensile strength and adsorption capacity (Qe) for Cd ions, various chitosan-to-GMAgCell ratios were tested.These films were then evaluated using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and tensile strength analysis.The findings indicate that GMAgCell loading enhances the adsorption capacity (Qe) for Cd ions, reaching 16.9 mg/g.Its adsorption equilibrium is achieved after 10 minutes.It also conforms to the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model, with R 2 =0.9979.This process enhances the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the Chi-film composite while creating an affordable adsorbent material from agricultural waste.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it