Mechanism and Kinetics for Copper Leaching by Complexing with Lysine Bearing Two Amino Groups
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to overcome the environmental problems associated with ammonia volatilization during the ammonia leaching process, the leaching effects of copper by amino acids with various numbers and substitution positions of amino functional groups were systematically studied. The results showed that lysine had the best leaching efficiency for copper. When the concentration of lysine was 0.2 mol/L, the leaching temperature was 20 °C, the molar ratio of lysine to copper was 3.88, the stirring speed was 250 rpm, the pH was 10, and the leaching time was 14 h, the leaching rate of copper reached 99%. The leaching results of copper containing smelting slag showed that lysine has an excellent effect on selective leaching of copper. The leaching kinetic results indicated that the rate-limiting step of the leaching process is controlled by the interfacial chemical reaction, with an apparent activation energy of 64.8 kJ/mol. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed that COO – and –NH groups in lysine can form complexes with copper ions. Compared to conventional methods, this approach not only achieves environmentally benign disposal of heavy metal pollutants but also provides a novel strategy for the green recovery of valuable metals from secondary resources.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it