Assessment of the Probiotic Properties of Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strains Isolated From Fermented Maize Grains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the probiotic properties of 11 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from corn kernels. After phenotypic and biochemical characterization confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the results revealed that eight isolates (AA1, AA4, AA5, AA7, AA8, BB1, Z3, and Z4) belonged to Pediococcus acidilactici, two (Z2 and Z5) to Pediococcus pentosaceus, and one (AA6) to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Antibiotic sensitivity analysis showed general resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and colistin, but strains such as AA4, AA6, Z2, and AA1 were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and ceftriaxone. No signs of hemolytic activity were observed, confirming the safety of the strains. Simulated gastrointestinal tolerance tests demonstrated high survival rates: between 55.64% and 96.61% under 0.3% pepsin at pH 2.5, between 91.24% and 96.67% with bile salts (0.3%), and between 72.95% and 99.66% with phenol (0.4%). Autoaggregation capacities ranged from 54.87% to 90.57%, and coaggregation rates with E. coli and S. enterica were also significant. The strains exhibited hydrophobicity rates between 46.65% and 77.17%, notable antioxidant capacities (58.46-69.6%), and inhibited the growth of foodborne pathogens. Finally, enzymatic profiles revealed proteolytic and lipolytic activities. The isolates Z2 and Z3 stand out due to their wide range of probiotic characteristics, making them promising candidates for future research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".