A Dominant Mutation in G<sub>α</sub>s‐Protein Increases Hair Pigmentation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT We have identified a chemically induced mouse mutation which increases the eumelanic hair pigmentation. We identify a coding mutation, A3533G, resulting in an amino acid substitution Y1133C, in the Gnas gene encoding the Gαs subunit of the tripartite G‐protein, consistent with an activation of signalling via MC1R. In addition heterozygous mutant females are significantly lighter than wild type littermates. In cultured melanocytes, derived from mutant mice crossed to C57BL6 mice carrying Cdkn2atm1Rdp, basal pigmentation is higher than wild type melanocytes derived from litter mates. However, the addition of exogenous NDP‐MSH does not increase pigmentation in mutant melanocytes in contrast to the pigmentation response of non‐mutant melanocytes. The mutant and wild type cells respond in the same way to agouti signalling protein (ASP), consistent with ASP signalling mediated through a pathway other than Gαs‐protein.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".