Replication of a GWAS signal near HLA-DQA2 with AML using a disease-only cohort and external population-based controls
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified four common inherited variants associated with AML risk, but these findings have not yet been confirmed in many independent datasets. Here, we performed a replication study with 567 AML cases from the Leucegene cohort and 1,865 controls from the population-based cohort CARTaGENE (CaG). Because genotypes were generated using different technologies in the two datasets (e.g. low- vs. high-coverage whole-genome sequencing), we applied stringent quality-control filters to minimize type I errors. We showed using data reduction methods (e.g. principal component analysis [PCA] and uniform manifold approximation and projection [UMAP]) that our approach successfully integrated the Leucegene and CaG genetic data. We replicated the association between cytogenetically normal (CN)-AML and rs3916765, a variant located near HLA-DQA2 (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 1.96 [1.26-3.06], P-value=0.003). The effect size of this association was stronger when we restricted the analyses to AML patients with NPM1 mutations (odds ratios >2.25). We also found that rs3916765 is a whole-blood expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) for HLA-DOB (P-value=1.05x10 -14 ) and HLA-DQA2 (P-value=2.23x10 -4 ). Our results confirm that a common genetic variant at the HLA locus associates with AML risk and the expression of HLA class II genes, providing new opportunities to improve disease prognosis and treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".